Process for the determination of peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes and their use in a process for determination of antibodies or biotinylated peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes, a process for preparing them and compositions containing them

ABSTRACT

This invention is directed toward a peptide corresponding to an immunologically important viral epitope. Specifically, the peptide corresponds to an immunodominant epitope identified in the envelope region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This peptide has the following amino acid sequence: NH 2 -Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ile-His-Met-Gly-Trp-Gly-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly-CO 2 H (SEQ ID NO:17). The invention also relates to the use of this peptide, particularly when biotinylated in the form of complexes of streptavidin-biotinylated peptides or of avidin-biotinylated peptides, for the in vitro determination of HIV-1-specific antibodies.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/112,206, filed Jul. 9, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,903 allowed Jul. 6, 2000, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/146,028, filed Nov. 22, 1993; Now U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,640, issued Apr. 6, 1999, which is a U.S. national phase application based on PCT/EP93/00517, filed Mar. 8, 1993, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in this application.

The technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes on bacterial and viral proteins, as well as the use of said peptides in diagnostics or immunogenic compositions.

Recent developments in genetic engineering as well as the chemistry of solid phase peptide synthesis have led to the increasingly wider use of synthetic peptides in biochemistry and immunology. Protein sequences which become available as a result of molecular cloning techniques can be synthesized chemically in large quantities for structural, functional, and immunological studies. Peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes found on viral and bacterial proteins have also proven to be highly specific reagents which can be used for antibody detection and the diagnosis of infection.

Despite the many advantages synthetic peptides offer, there are a number of disadvantages associated with their use. Because of their relatively short size (generally less than 50 amino acids in length), their structure may fluctuate between many different conformations in the absence of the stabilizing influence of intramolecular interactions present in the full-length protein. Furthermore, the small size of these peptides means that their chemical properties and solubilities will frequently be quite different from those of the full-length protein and that the contribution of individual amino acids in the peptide sequence toward determining the overall chemical properties of the peptide will be proportionally greater.

Many immunological assays require that the antigen used for antibody detection be immobilized on a solid support. Most enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) make use of polystyrene as the solid phase. Many proteins can be stably adsorbed to the solid phase and present sequences which are accessible for subsequent interactions with antibodies. Because of their small size, direct adsorption of peptides to the solid phase frequently gives rise to unsatisfactory results for any of a number of reasons.

Firstly, the peptide may not possess the correct overall charge or amino acid composition which would enable the peptide to bind to the solid phase. Secondly, the same amino acid residues which are required for binding to the solid phase may also be required for antibody recognition and therefore not available for antibody binding. Thirdly, the peptide may become fixed in an unfavorable conformation upon binding to the solid phase which renders it unrecognizable to antibody molecules. In many cases, it is neither possible nor necessary to distinguish between these possibilities. Binding to the solid phase can be increased and made less sensitive to the specific chemical properties of a peptide by first coupling the peptide to a large carrier molecule. Typically, the carrier molecule is a protein.

While the amount of peptide bound to the solid phase, albeit indirectly, can in some cases be increased by this method, this approach suffers from the fact that the linkage between the peptide and the carrier protein frequently involves the side chains of internal trifunctional amino acids whose integrity may be indispensible for recognition by antibodies. The binding avidity of antisera for the internally modified peptide is frequently very much reduced relative to the unmodified peptide or the native protein.

The production of antisera to synthetic peptides also requires in most cases that the peptide be coupled to a carrier. Again, the coupling reaction between an internal trifunctional amino acid of the peptide and the carrier is likely to alter the immunogenic properties of the peptide.

There exist many methods for performing coupling reactions and most of the procedures in current use are discussed in detail in Van Regenmortel, M. H. V., Briand, J. P. Muller, S., and Plaue, S.; Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Vol. 19, Synthetic Polypeptides as Antigens, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, N.Y., Oxford, 1988. In addition to these procedures, unprotected peptides can also be biotinylated using commercially available reagents such as N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin or biotinamidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Many of these reagents are discussed in Billingsley, M. L., Pennypacker, K. R., Hoover, C. G., and Kincaid, R. L., Biotechniques (1987)5)(1):22-31. Biotinylated peptides are capable of being bound by the proteins streptavidin and avidin two proteins which exhibit extraordinarily high affinity binding to biotin.

In certain instances, it is possible to selectively couple biotin to an unprotected peptide or an unprotected peptide to a carrier. This may be accomplished by synthesizing the peptide with an additional trifunctional amino acid added to one of the ends which is capable of participating in the coupling reaction. This approach will only be successful, however, as long as this amino acid is not a critical residue in the immunogenic sequence of interest and as long as the coupling agent chosen is sufficiently selective. No single technique is applicable to all unprotected peptides regardless of their amino acid composition.

The etiological agent responsible for non-A, non-B hepatitis has been identified and termed hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patent application EP-A-0 318 216 discloses sequences corresponding to approximately 80% of the viral genome. The availability of these sequences rapidly led to the elucidation of the remainder of the coding sequences, particularly those located in the 5′ end of the genome (Okamoto; J. Exp. Med. 60, 167-177, 1990). The HCV genome is a linear, positive-stranded RNA molecule with a length of approximately 9400 nucleotides. With the exception of rather short untranslated regions at the termini, the genome consists of one large, uninterrupted, open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of approximately 3000 amino acids. This polyprotein has been shown to be cleaved co-translationally into individual viral structural and non-structural (NS) regions. The structural protein region is further divided into capsid (Core) and envelope (E1 and E2) proteins. The NS regions are divided into NS-1 to NS-5 regions.

A number of independent patent applications have employed a variety of strategies to determine the locations of diagnostically important amino acid sequences and many of these studies have led to the identification of similar regions of the HCV polyprotein.

The NS4 region has mainly been studied in EP-A-0 318 216, EP-A-0 442 394, U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,726, EP-A-0 489 986, EP-A-0 484 787, and EP-A-0 445 801. Unfortunately only 70% of HCV-infected individuals produce antibodies to NS4, neither the synthetic nor recombinant proteins containing sequences from this region are adequate for identifying all infected serum samples. The nucleocapsid or Core region has been studies in patent applications EP-A-0 442 394, U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,726, EP-A-0 489 986, EP-A-0 445 801, EP-A-0 451 891 and EP-A-0 479 376. It was found that these peptides often used as mixtures, were more frequently recognized by antibodies (85-90%) in sera from chronically infected individuals than were the peptides derived from NS4. The NS5 region was studied in patent applications EP-A-0 489 989 and EP-A-0 468 527. Depending on the serum panel used, more than 60% of NANB hepatitis can be shown to contain antibodies directed against these peptides. The NS3 region was also studied in patent application EP-A 0 468 527. All available evidence suggests that the most dominant epitope of NS3 are discontinuous in nature and cannot be adequately represented by synthetic peptides. The E1 region which is potentially interesting as a region from the outer surface of the virus particles (possible immunogenic epitopes) was studied in both patient applications EP-A-0 468 527 and EP-A-0 507 615. The E2/NS1 region was studied for the same reason as E1. Comparisons of this region from different HCV variants elucidated that this protein contains variable region which are reminiscent of the HIV V3 loop region of gp120 envelope protein. Four peptides were found in EP-A-0 468 527 which were shown to contain relatively infrequently recognized epitopes. Finally, the NS2 region of HCV was analyzed in EP-A-0 486 527. However, the diagnostic value of this region is not clear yet. Virtually all patent applications concerning diagnostically useful synthetic peptides for antibody detection describe preferred combinations of peptides. Most of these include peptides from the HCV core protein and NS4. In some cases, peptides from NS5 (EP-A-0 489 968 and EP-A-0 468 527), and E1 and E2/NS1 are included (EP-A-0 507 615 and EO-A-0 468 527).

Different patent applications have addressed the problem of finding diagnostically useful epitopes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An important immunodominant region containing cyclic HIV-1 and HIV-2 peptides was found in patent application EP-A-0 326 490. In EP-A-0 379 949, this region was asserted to be even more reactive with HIV-specific antibodies in case a biotin molecule was coupled to these cylic HIV peptides. SU-A-161 22 64 also describes the use of a biotinylated peptide in a solid phase immunoassay for the detection of HIV antibodies.

Other applications have looked for useful HIV epitopes in the hypervariable V3 loop region of gp120 (such as EP-A-0 448 095 and EP-A-0 438 332).

U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,071 provides peptide compositions for detection of HTLV I antibodies.

Deciding whether or not an epitope is diagnostically useful is not always straight forward and depends to an extent on the specific configuration of the test into which it is incorporated. It should be ideally an immunodominant epitope which is recognized by a large percentage of true positive sera or should be able to complement other antigens in the test to increase the detection rate. Epitopes which are not frequently recognized may or may not be diagnostically useful depending on the contribution they make towards increasing the detection rate of antibodies in true positive sera and the extent to which incorporation of these epitopes has an adverse effect on the sensitivity of the test due to dilution of other stronger epitopes.

Peptides can thus be used to identify regions of proteins which are specifically recognized by antibodies produced as a result of infection of immunization. In general, there are two strategies which can be followed. One of these strategies has been described by Geysen, H. M., Meloen, R. H., and Barteling, S. J.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1984) 81:3998-4002. This approach involves the synthesis of a large series of short, overlapping peptides on polyethylene rods derivatized with a noncleavable linker such that the entire length of the protein or protein fragment of interest is represented.

The rods are incubated with antisera and antibody binding is detected using an anti-immunoglobulin: enzyme conjugate. A positive reaction immediately identifies the location and sequence of epitopes present in the protein sequence. This technique has the advantage that all peptides are uniformly linked to the solid support through their carboxy-terminus. While this method allows for very accurate mapping of linear epitopes, the length of the peptides which can be readily synthesized on the rods is limited. This may sometimes present problems if the length of the epitope exceeds the length of the peptides synthesized.

A second approach to epitope mapping involves the synthesis of larger peptides, generally between fifteen and thirty amino acids in length, along the sequence of the protein to be analyzed. Consecutive peptides may be contiguous but are preferably overlapping. Following cleavage, the evaluation of antibody binding to the individual peptides is assessed and the approximate positions of the epitopes can be identified. An example of this approach is given in Neurath, A. R., Strick, N., and Lee, E. S. Y.; J. Gen. Virol. (1990) 71:85-95. This approach has the advantage that longer peptides can be synthesized which presumably more closely resemble the homologous sequence in the native protein and which offer better targets for antibody binding. The disadvantage of this approach is that each peptide is chemically unique and that the conditions under which each peptide can be optimally coated onto a solid phase for immunological evaluation may vary widely. In terms of such factors as pH, ionic strength, and buffer composition. The quantity of peptide which can be adsorbed onto the solid phase is also an uncontrolled factor which is unique for each peptide.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide modified peptides corresponding to immunologically useful epitopes with said modified peptides having superior immunological properties over non-modified versions of these peptides.

Another aim of the present invention is to provide modified peptides corresponding to immunologically useful epitopes which could not be identified through classical epitope mapping techniques.

Another aim of the present invention is to provide a process for the in vitro determination of antibodies using said peptides, with said process being easy to perform and amenable to standardization.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a process for the determination of peptides corresponding to immunologically important epitopes on bacterial and viral proteins.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a method for preparing protein sequences used in any of said methods.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a method for preparing protein sequence which can be used in a process for the determination of their epitopes or in an in vitro method for the determination of antibodies.

Another aim of the invention is to provide intermediary compounds useful for the preparation of peptides used in the above-mentioned methods.

Another aim of the present invention is also to provide compositions containing peptides determined to correspond to immunologically important epitopes on proteins for diagnostic purposes.

Another aim of the present invention is also to provide compositions containing peptides determined to correspond to immunologically important epitopes on proteins for vaccine purposes.

According to the present invention, a series of biotinylated peptides representing immunologically important regions of viral proteins have been identified and prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. These peptides have been identified to be very useful for (i) the detection of antibodies to HCV, and/or HIV, and/or HTLV-I or II. In some preferred arrangements, these peptides were also found or are at least expected, to be useful in stimulating the production of antibodies to HCV, and/or HIV, and/or HTLV-I or II in healthy animals such as BALB/C mice, and in a vaccine composition to prevent HCV and/or HIV, and/or HTLV-I or II infection.

As demonstrated in the Examples section of the present invention, the use of biotinylated peptides also allows the determination of immunologically important epitopes within a previously determined protein sequence. The determination of immunologically important epitopes using non-biotinylated peptides, which are covalently coupled to the solid phase, often fails to localize these epitopes. Especially in case of localization of structural epitopes, the use of biotinylated peptides seems to be quite successful.

(1) According to the present invention, a peptide composition useful for the detection of antibodies to HCV, and/or HIV, and/or HTLV-I or II comprise peptides corresponding to immunlogically important epitopes being of the structure:

(A)-(B)-(X)-Y-[amino acids]_(n)—Y—(X)—Z

where

[amino acids]_(n) is meant to designate the length of the peptide chain where n is the number of residues, being an integer from about 4 to about 50, preferably less than about 35, more preferably less than about 30, and advantageously from about 4 to about 25;

B represents biotin;

X represents a biotinylated compound which is incorporated during the schematic process;

Y represents a covalent bond or one or more chemical entities which singly or together form a linker arm separating the amino acids of the peptide proper from the biotinyl moiety B or X, the function of which is to minimize steric hindrance which may interfere with the binding of the biotinyl moiety B or X to avidin or streptavidin, wherein Y is not a covalent bond, it is advantageously at least one chemical entity and may consist of as many as 30 chemical entities but will consist most frequently of 1 to 10 chemical entities, which may be identical or different, more preferably glycine residues, β-alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, or 6-aminohexanoic acid;

B and X being enclosed in parentheses to indicate that the presence of biotin or biotinylated compound in these positions is optional, the only stipulation being that B or X be present in at least one of the positions shown;

A, when present, as indicated by parentheses, represents (an) amino acid(s), an amino group, or a chemical modification of the amino terminus of the peptide chain;

Z represents (an) amino acid(s), an OH-group, an NH2-group, or a linkage involving either of these two chemical groups wherein the amino acids are selectively chosen to be immunodominant epitopes which are recognized by a large immunodominant epitopes which are recognized by a large percentage of true positive sera or are able to complement other antigens in the test to increase the detection rate and B interacts with the selected amino acids to produce a compound with greater diagnostic sensitivity.

The peptide composition comprise at least one and preferably a combination of two, three, four or more biotinylated peptides chosen from the following sequences:

1. Human immunodeficiency Virus type 1 Envelope Peptides:

a. gp41

1. (SEQ ID NO:1) gp41, isolate HTLV-IIIB (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Ile-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

2. (SEQ ID NO:2) (A)-(B)-X)-Y-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile-Cys-Thr-Thr-Ala-Val-Pro-Trp-Asn-Ala-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

3. (SEQ ID NO:3) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile-Y-(X)-Z

4. (SEQ ID NO:4) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Gln-Ala-Arg-Ile-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Y-(X)-Z

5. (SEQ ID NO:5) gp41, isolate Ant70 (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Trp-Gly-Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Leu-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

6. (SEQ ID NO:6) gp41, isolate ELI (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-His-Ile-Cys-Thr-Thr-Asn-Val-Pro-Trp-Asn-Y-(X)-Z

b. gp120

1. (SEQ ID NO:7) Partial V3 loop sequence, consensus (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

1.a. (SEQ ID NO:8) Complete V3 loop sequence, consensus (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Cys-Thr-Arg-Pro-Asn-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly-Asp-Ile-Arg-Gln-Ala-His-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

2. (SEQ ID NO:9) Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 SF2 (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-His-Thr-Thr-Gly-Arg-Ile-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

3. (SEQ ID NO:10) Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 SC (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Thr-Arg-Ser-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Asp-Ile-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

4. (SEQ ID NO:11) Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 MN (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Tyr-Asn-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asn-Ile-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

5. Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 RF (SEQ ID NO: 12) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-Thr-Lys-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ile-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Gln-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

6. Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 mal (SEQ ID NO: 13) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ile-His-Phe-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gln-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Gly-Ile-Val-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

7. Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HTLV-IIIB (SEQ ID NO: 14) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ile-Arg-Ile-Gln-Arg-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Val-Thr-Ile-Gly-Lys-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

8. Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate HIV-1 ELI (SEQ ID NO: 15) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Asn-Thr-Arg-Gln-Arg-Thr-Pro-Ile-Gly-Leu-Gly-Gln-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Arg-Ser-Arg-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

9. Partial V3 loop sequence, isolate ANT70 (SEQ ID NO: 16) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Ile-Asp-Ile-Gln-Glu-Met-Art-Ile-Gly-Pro-Met-Ala-Trp-Tyr-Ser-Met-Gly-Ile-Gly-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

10. Partial V3 loop sequence, Brazilian isolate, Peptide V3-368 (SEQ ID NO: 17) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ile-His-Met-Gly-Trp-Gly-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

11. Carboxy-terminus, HIV-1 gp120 (SEQ ID NO: 18) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Asp-Asn-Trp-Arg-Ser-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Lys-Val-Val-Lys-Ile-Glu-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Thr-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Arg-Val-Val-Gln-Arg-Glu-Lys-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

2. Human immunodeficiency Virus type 2 Envelope Peptide

a. gp41, isolate HIV-2 rod (SEQ ID NO. 19) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ala-Phe-Arg-Gln-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

b. (SEQ ID NO: 20) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Asp-Gln-Ala-Arg-Leu-Asn-Ser-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ala-Phe-Arg-Gln-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

c. gp120, isolate HIV-2 NIHZ (SEQ ID NO. 21) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Lys-Thr-Val-Leu-Pro-Ile-Thr-Phe-Met-Ser-Gly-Phe-Lys-Phe-His-Ser-Gln-Pro-Val-Ile-Asn-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

d. Partial V3 loop sequence, Peptide V3-GB12 (SEQ ID NO: 22) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Lys-Thr-Val-Val-Pro-Ile-Thr-Leu-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Phe-His-Ser-Gln-Pro-Ile-Asn-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

e. Partial V3 loop sequence, Peptide V3-239 (SEQ ID NO: 23) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Lys-Thr-Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Thr-Ile-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Phe-His-Ser-Gln-Pro-Ile-Asn-Asp-Y-(X)-Z

3. Chimpanzee immunodeficiency Virus

a. gp41 (SEQ ID NO: 24) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Ala-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

4. Simian immunodeficiency Virus

a. Transmembrane protein, isolate SIVagm(TY01) (SEQ ID NO: 25) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ala-Trp-Lys-Gln-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z.

b. Transmembrane protein, isolate SIVmnd (SEQ ID NO: 26) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Trp-Ala-Gln-Val-Cys-Y-(X)-Z

5. HTLV-I and HTLV-II Virus

Peptide I-gp46-3

(SEQ ID NO: 27) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Asn-Val-Ser-Val-Pro-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Thr-Leu-Leu-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Leu-Ala-Y-(X)-Z Peptide I-gp46-5

(SEQ ID NO: 28) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Tyr-Thr-Cys-Ile-Val-Cys-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Ser-Thr-Trp-His-Val-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide I-gp46-4

(SEQ ID NO: 29) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asn-Ser-Leu-Ile-Leu-Pro-Pro-Phe-Ser-Leu-Ser-Pro-Val-Pro-Thr-Leu-Gly-Ser-Arg-Ser-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide I-gp46-6

(SEQ ID NO: 30) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asp-Ala-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Ile-Trp-Phe-Leu-Asn-Thr-Glu-Pro-Ser-Gln-Leu-Pro-Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro-Pro-Leu-Leu-Pro-His-Ser-Asn-Leu-Asp-His-Ile-Leu-Glu-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide I-p21-2

(SEQ ID NO: 31) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Gln-Asn-Arg-Arg-Gly-Leu-Asp-Leu-Leu-Phe-Trp-Glu-Gln-Gly-Gly-Leu-Cys-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gln-Glu-Gln-Cys-Arg-Phe-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide I-p19

(SEQ ID NO: 32) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-Ser-Pro-Thr-His-Asp-Pro-Pro-Asp-Ser-Asp-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-Glu-Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro-Gln-Val-Leu-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide II-gp52-1

(SEQ ID NO: 33) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Lys-Lys-Pro-Asn-Arg-Gln-Gly-Leu-Gly-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Asn-Asp-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide II-gp52-2

(SEQ ID NO: 34) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asp-Ala-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Leu-Trp-Phe-Ile-Thr-Ser-Glu-Pro-Thr-Gln-Pro-Pro-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Pro-Leu-Val-His-Asp-Ser-Asp-Leu-Glu-His-Val-Leu-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide II-gp52-3

(SEQ ID NO: 35) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Tyr-Ser-Cys-Met-Val-Cys-Val-Asp-Arg-Ser-Ser-Leu-Ser-Ser-Trp-His-Val-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Asn-Ile-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln-Gln-Thr-Ser-Ser-Arg-Thr-Ile-Leu-Phe-Pro-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide II-p19

(SEQ ID NO: 36) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Pro-Thr-Thr-Thr-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-Pro-Glu-Ala-His-Val-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Val-Glu-Pro-Thr-Thr-Thr-Gln-Cys-Phe-Y-(X)-Z

These above-mentioned biotinylated peptides were synthesized and found to be specifically recognized by antisera from infected humans or primates are considered particularly advantageous. All these above-mentioned peptides are new.

The process of the invention enables to increase the antigenicity of these HIV peptides, which can however be bound to a support, even when they are not biotinylated.

The HCV peptide sequences which follow have been found to be specifically recognized by antisera from infected humans or primates and which are considered particularly advantageous. The non-biotinylated amino acid sequences can be synthesized according to classical methods.

The peptides of interest are intended to mimic immunologically proteins or domains or proteins encoded by HCV. Since sequence variability has been observed for HCV, it may be desirable to vary one or more amino acids so as to better mimic the epitopes of different strains. It should be understood that the peptide described need not be identical to any particular HCV sequence as long as the subject compounds are capable of providing for immunological competition with at least one strain of HCV. The peptides may therefore be subject to insertions, deletions and conservative as well as non-conservative amino acid substitutions where such changes might provide for certain advantages in their use. The peptides will preferably be as short as possible while still maintaining all of the sensitivity of the larger sequence. In certain cases, it may be desirable to join two or more peptides together into a single structure. The formation of such a composite may involve covalent or non-covalent linkages.

Of particular interest are biotinylated peptides of HCV into which cysteine, thioglycollic acid, or other thiol-containing compounds have been incorporated into the peptide chain for the purpose of providing mercapto-groups which can be used for cyclization of the peptides.

The following peptides from the Core region of HCV were determined as corresponding to immunologically important epitopes.

1. Peptide I or Core 1 (aa. 1-20) has the following amino acid sequence:

(I) (SEQ ID NO: 37) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Met-Ser-Thr-Ile-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Y-(X)-Z

2. Peptide II or Core 2 (aa. 7-26) has the amino acid sequence:

(II) (SEQ ID NO: 38) (A)-(B)-X)-Y-Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

Of particular interest is the oligopeptide IIA (aa. 8 to 18):

(IIA) (SEQ ID NO: 39) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

3. Peptide III or Core 3 (aa 13-32) has the sequence:

(III) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ile-Val-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

4. Peptide IV or Core 7 (aa 37-56) has the sequences:

(IV) (SEQ ID NO: 41) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Pro-Arg-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Ala-Thr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

Of particular interest is the oligopeptide IVa or Core 6 (aa. 31 to 50):

(IVa) (SEQ ID NO: 42) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Gly-Gly-Val-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Arg-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Ala-Thr-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

5. Peptide V or Core 9 (aa 49-68) has the sequence:

(V) (SEQ ID NO: 43) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Thr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-Y-(X)-Z

Of particular interest is the oligopeptide Va (aa. 55 to 74):

(Va) (SEQ ID NO: 44) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-Arg-Arg-Pro-Glu-Gly-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

6. Peptide VI or Core 11 (aa 61-80) has the following sequence:

(VI) (SEQ ID NO: 45) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-Arg-Arg-Pro-Glu-Gly-Arg-Thr-Trp-Ala-Gln-Pro-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

7. Peptide VII (aa 73-92) or core 13 has the sequence:

(VII) (SEQ ID NO: 46) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Arg-Thr-Trp-Ala-Gln-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Pro-Leu-Tyr-Gly-Asn-Glu-Gly-Cys-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

8. Peptide Core 123 (aa. 1-32) (SEQ ID NO: 47) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Met-Ser-Thr-Ile-Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ile-Val-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

9. Peptide Core 7910 (aa. 37-80)

(SEQ ID NO: 48) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Gly-Val-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Arg-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Arg-Ala-Thr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val-Arg-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

The following peptides from the NS4 region of HCV were found to be correspond to immunologically important epitopes.

Peptide VIII or NS4-1 or HCV1 (aa 1688-1707) has the sequence:

(VIII) (SEQ ID NO: 49) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Ser-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Ile-Ile-Pro-Asp-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Phe-Asp-Glu-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide IX or HCV2 (aa 1694-1713) has the sequence:

(IX) (SEQ ID NO: 50) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Ile-Pro-Asp-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Phe-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ser-Gln-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide HCV3

(SEQ ID NO: 51) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Leu-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Phe-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide X or HCV4 (aa 1706-1725) has the sequence:

(X) (SEQ ID NO: 52) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Gly-Met-Met-Leu-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

11. Peptide XI or NS4-5 or HCV5 (aa 1712-1731) has the sequence:

(XI) (SEQ ID NO: 53) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Gly-Met-Met-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

12. Peptide XII or HCV6 (aa 1718-1737) has the sequence:

(XII) (SEQ ID NO: 54) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Glu-Gln-Gly-Met-Met-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Y-(X)-Z

13. Peptide XIII or NS4-7 or HCV7 (aa 1724-1743) has the sequence:

(XIII) (SEQ ID NO: 55) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Thr-Ala-Ser-Arg-Gln-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

14. Peptide XIV or HCV8 (aa 1730-1749) has the sequence:

(XIV) (SEQ ID NO: 56) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gln-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Thr-Ala-Ser-Arg-Gln-Ala-Glu-Val-Ile-Ala-Pro-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

15. Peptide NS4-27 or HC79 (aa. 1712-1743): (SEQ ID NO: 57) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Glu-Met-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Thr-Ala-Ser-Arg-Gln-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

16. Peptide NS4e:

(SEQ ID NO: 58) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Glu-Gly-Ala-Val-Gln-Trp-Met-Asn-Arg-Leu-Ile-Ala-Phe-Ala-Ser-Arg-Gly-Asn-His-Y-(X)-Z

The following peptides of the NS5 region of HCV were found to correspond to immunologically important epitopes.

Peptide XV or NS5-25 (aa 2263-2282) has the sequence:

(XV) (SEQ ID NO: 59) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Glu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Glu-Ile-Ser-Val-Pro-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Arg-Phe-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide XVI or NS5-27 (aa 2275-2294) has the sequence.

(XVI) (SEQ ID NO: 60) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Arg-Phe-Ala-Gln-Ala-Leu-Pro-Val-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide XVII or NS5-29 (aa 2287-2306) has the sequence:

(XVII) (SEQ ID NO: 61) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Pro-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Thr-Trp-Lys-Lys-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide XVIII or NS5-31 (aa 2299-2318) has the sequence:

(XVIII) (SEQ ID NO: 62) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Glu-Thr-Trp-Lys-Lys-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Pro-Val-Val-His-Gly-Cys-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide XIX or NS5-33 (aa 2311-2330) has the sequence:

(XIX) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-His-Gly-Cys-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Ser-Pro-Pro-Val-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Lys-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide NS5-2527 (aa. 2253 to 2294):

(SEQ ID NO: 64) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Glu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Glu-Ile-Ser-Val-Pro-Ala-Glu-Ile-Leu-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Arg-Phe-Ala-Gln-Ala-Leu-Pro-Val-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Y-(X)-Z

The following peptides from the N-terminal region of the E2/NS1 region of HCV were found to correspond to immunologically important epitopes.

peptide XXa (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 65) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser-His-Thr-Thr-Ser-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXa-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 66) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser-His-Thr-Thr-Ser-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXa-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 67) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-His-Thr-Thr-Ser-Thr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gln-Arg-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXb (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 68) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-Arg-Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr-Arg-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXb-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 69) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-Arg-Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr-Arg-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXb-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 70) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr-Arg-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXc (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 71) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-Arg-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Val-Gln-Gly-His-Val-Thr-Cys-Thr-Leu-Thr-Ser-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXc-1 (aa. 383-404)

SEQ ID NO: 72) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-Arg-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Val-Gln-Gly-His-Val-Thr-Cys-Thr-Leu-Thr-Ser-Leu-Phe-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXc-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 73) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Val-Thr-Cys-Thr-Leu-Thr-Ser-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Gly-Ala-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXd (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 74) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-His-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Arg-Val-Ala-Ser-Ser-Thr-Gln-Ser-Leu-Val-Ser-Trp-Leu-Ser-Gln-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXd-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 75) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-His-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Arg-Val-Ala-Ser-Ser-Thr-Gln-Ser-Leu-Val-Ser-Trp-Leu-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXd-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 76) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Ser-Ser-Thr-Gln-Ser-Leu-Val-Ser-Trp-Leu-Ser-Gln-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Val-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXe (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 77) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Asp-Thr-His-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gln-Ala-Lys-Thr-Thr-Asn-Arg-Leu-Val-Ser-Met-Phe-Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXe-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 78) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-Asp-Thr-His-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Ala-Gln-Ala-Lys-Thr-Thr-Asn-Arg-Leu-Val-Ser-Met-Phe-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXe-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 79) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Lys-Thr-Thr-Asn-Arg-Leu-Val-Ser-Met-Phe-Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXF (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 80) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Gly-Gly-Asn-Ala-Gly-His-Thr-Met-Thr-Gly-Ile-Val-Arg-Phe-Phe-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Lys-Gln-Asn-Val-His-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXf-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 81) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Gly-Gly-Asn-Ala-Gly-His-Thr-Met-Thr-Gly-Ile-Val-Arg-Phe-Phe-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXf-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 82) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Gly-His-Thr-Met-Thr-Gly-Ile-Val-Arg-Phe-Phe-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Lys-Gln-Asn-Val-His-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXg (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 83) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Ile-Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Thr-Pro-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Asn-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXg-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 84) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Ile-Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXg-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 85) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Arg-Ala-Met-Ser-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Thr-Pro-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Asn-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXh (aa. 383-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 86) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Arg-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Asp-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXh-1 (aa. 383-404)

(SEQ ID NO: 87) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Glu-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XXh-2 (aa. 393-416)

(SEQ ID NO: 88) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val-Ser-Leu-Phe-Ser-Arg-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Asp-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

The above-mentioned sequences correspond to epitopes localized on the HCV type-1 isolate HCV-1 (Choo et al. Proc; Natl. Acad. Sci. 88, 2451-2455, 1991) and HC-J1 (Okamoto et al., Jap. J. Exp. Med. 60, 167-177, 1990) sequence. It is, however, to be understood that also peptides from other type-1 HCV isolate sequences which correspond to the above-mentioned immunologically important regions may also be comprised in the composition according to the invention. An example of variant HCV sequences also falling within the present invention may be derived from the HCV-J isolate (Kato et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87, 9524-9528).

The following peptides derived from the same regions as the above-cited peptide regions from the type 2 HCV sequences.

peptide XX/2

(SEQ ID NO: 89) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Gln-Thr-His-Thr-Val-Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala-His-Asn-Ala-Arg-Thr-Leu-Thr-Gly-Met-Phe-Ser-Leu-Gly-Ala-Arg-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XX/2-1

(SEQ ID NO: 90) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Gln-Thr-His-Thr-Val-Gly-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala-His-Asn-Arg-Thr-Leu-Thr-Gly-Met-Phe-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XX/2-2

(SEQ ID NO: 91) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-His-Asn-Ala-Arg-Thr-Leu-Thr-Gly-Met-Phe-Ser-Leu-Gly-Ala-Arg-Gln-Lys-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile-Asn-Thr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide VIII-2 or NS4-1 (2)

(SEQ ID NO: 92) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Asn-Gln-Arg-Ala-Val-Val-Ala-Pro-Asp-Lys-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Ala-Phe-Asp-Glu-Y-(X)-Z

peptide IX-2

(SEQ ID NO: 93) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Ala-Pro-Asp-Lys-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Ala-Phe-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ala-Ser-Y-(X)-Z

peptide X-2

(SEQ ID NO: 94) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ala-Ser-Arg-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ile-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Arg-Ile-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XI-2 or NS4-5 (2)

(SEQ ID NO: 95) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Ser-Arg-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ile-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gln-Arg-Ile-Ala-Glu-Met-Leu-Lys-Ser-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XII-2

(SEQ ID NO: 96) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gln-Arg-Ile-Ala-Glu-Met-Leu-Lys-Ser-Lys-Ile-Gln-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XIII-2 or NS4-7(2)

SEQ ID NO: 97) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Ala-Glu-Met-Leu-Lys-Ser-Lys-Ile-Gln-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Ser-Lys-Gln-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XIV-2

(SEQ ID NO: 98) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Lys-Ile-Gln-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gln-Ala-Ser-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gln-Asp-Ile-Gln-Pro-Ala-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XV-2

(SEQ ID NO: 99) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Ser-Asp-Leu-Glu-Pro-Ser-Ile-Pro-Ser-Glu-Tyr-Met-Leu-Pro-Lys-Arg-Phe-Pro-(X)-Y-Z

peptide XVI-2

(SEQ ID NO: 100) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Met-Leu-Pro-Lys-Lys-Arg-Phe-Pro-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Ala-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XVII-2

(SEQ ID NO: 101) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Pro-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Ser-Trp-Lys-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XVIII-2

(SEQ ID NO: 102) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Glu-Ser-Trp-Lys-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Gln-Pro-Ala-Thr-Val-Ala-Gly-Cys-Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

peptide XIX-2

(SEQ ID NO: 103) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Val-Ala-Gly-Cys-Ala-Leu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Lys-Lys-Thr-Pro-Thr-Pro-Pro-Pro-Arg-Arg-Arg-Y-(X)-Z

The above-mentioned sequences correspond to epitopes localized on the HCV type-2 isolate HC-J6 sequence (Okamoto et al., J. Gen. Virology 72, 2697-2704, 1991). It is, however, to be understood that also peptides from other type-2 HCV isolate sequences which correspond to the above-mentioned immunologically important regions may also be comprised in the composition according to the invention. Examples of variant sequences also falling within the present invention may be derived from HCV isolate HC-J8 (Okamato et al., Virology 188, 331-341, 1992).

The following peptides from the NS4 region of HCV type 3 are also preferred peptides according to the present invention:

Peptide NS4-1 (3)

(SEQ ID NO: 107)

(A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Leu-Gly-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Ile-Val-Pro-Asp-Lys-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Gln-Tyr-Asp-Glu-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide NS4-5 (3)

(SEQ ID NO: 108) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ser-Gln-Ala-Ala-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gin-Ala-Gln-Val-Ile-Ala-His-Gln-Phe-Lys-Glu-Lys-Y-(X)-Z

Peptide NS4-7 (3)

(SEQ ID NO: 109) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Ala-His-Gln-His-Gln-Phe-Lys-Glu-Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Arg-Ala-Thr-Gln-Gln-Gln-Y-(X)-Z

It is to be understood that also other peptides corresponding to HCV type-3 isolate sequences which correspond to immunologically important regions as determined for HCV type-1 and type-2 may also be comprised in the comparison according to the invention.

The composition according to the present invention may also comprise hybrid HCV peptide sequences consisting of combinations of the core epitopes of the HCV core (table 9) HCV NS4 (table 10) or the HCV NS5 (table 11) region separated by Gly and/or Ser residues, and preferentially the following hybrid HCV sequences:

Epi-152

(SEQ ID NO: 104) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ile-Pro-Asp-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Arg-Gly-Gly-Lys-Lys-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Pro-Val-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

Epi-33B3A

(SEQ ID NO: 105) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn-Pro-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys-Ala-Leu-Gly-Leu-Gly-Ser-Gly-Val-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Pro-Arg-Arg-Gly-Y-(X)-Z

Epi-4B2A6

(SEQ ID NO: 106) (A)-(B)-(X)-Y-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Ser-Gly-Pro-Val-Val-His-Gly-Cys-Pro-Leu-Pro-Y-(X)-Z

The composition according to the present invention may also comprise so called biotinylated mixotope sequences consisting of peptides containing at each position all the amino acids found in the naturally occurring isolates, with said peptides being derived from any of the above-mentioned immunologically important regions (see FIG. 14).

(2) A preferred mixture of biotinylated peptides for detecting and/or immunizing against Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 consists of:

A. II, III, IVa, Va, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVI, XVIII, 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.b, 1b.1a, 2b, 2d,

B. II, III, IVa, Va, IX, IX-2, XI, XI-2, XIII, XIII-2, XV, XV-2, XVI, XVI-2, XVIII, XVIII-2, 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.b, 1b.1a, 2b, 2d.

(3) A preferred mixture of biotinylated peptides for detecting and/or immunizing against Human Immunodeficiency Virus types 1 and 2 and Human Lymphotropic Virus types I and II consists of:

1a.3, 1a.4, 1b.1, 2b, 2c, 2d, I-gp46-3, I-gp46-4, I-gp46-5, I-gp46-6, II-gp52-2, II-gp52-3, I-p21-2, I-p19, II-p19.

(4) Another preferred mixture of biotinylated peptides for detecting and/or immunizing against Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus types 1 and 2 and Human Lymphotropic Virus types I and II consists of:

1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.6, 1b.1a, 2d, II, III, IVa, Va, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVI, XVIII, XXa-2, XXc-2, XXg-2, XXh-2, I-gp46-3, I-gp46-4, I-gp46-5, I-gp46-6, II-gp52-3, I-p21-2, I-p19, II-p19.

(5) The present invention relates also to compositions of biotinylated peptides which are considered particularly advantageous, for diagnostic as well as immunogenic purposes for Hepatitis C Virus, and which advantageously comprise the following mixtures:

A. I, III, IVa, Va, B. II, III, IVa, Va, C. IX, XI, XIII, D. XV, XVI, XVIII, XIX, E. XXc-2, XXa-1, XXa-2, XXh-1, XXh-2, XXg-2, XX/2-2, F. IX-2, XI-2, XIII-2, G. XV-2, XVI-2, XVIII-2, XIX-2, H. IX, IX-2, XI, XI-2, XIII, XIII-2, I. XV, XV-2, XVI, XVI-2, XVIII, XVIII-2, XIX, XIX-2, J. II, III, IVa, Va, IX, IX-2, XI, XI-2, XIII, XIII-2, XV, XV-2, XVI, XVI-2, XVIII, XVIII-2, K. II, III, IVa, Va, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVI, XVIII, L. II, III, IV, V, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVI, XVIII, M. II, III, IVa, Va, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVI, XVIII, XXa-2, XXc-2, XXg-2, XXh-2.

(6) The present invention relates also to compositions of biotinylated peptides which are considered particularly advantageous, for diagnostic as well as immunogenic purposes for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and which are advantageous selected from the following mixtures:

for type 1: A. 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.5, 1a.b B. 1a.3, 1a.4, 1b.1, 1b.3, 1b.6, 1b.10, C. 1b.1, 1b.2, 1b.3, 1b.4, 1b.5, 1b.6, 1b.7, 1b.8, 1b.9, 1b.10 D. 1b.1, 1b.2, 1b.3, 1b.4, 1b.6, 1b.10, E. 1a.3, 1a.4, 1a.5, 1a.b, 1b.1a. for type 2: A. 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e. for types 1 and 2: A. 1a.3, 1a.4, 1b.1, 2b, 2c, 2d, B. 1a.3, 1a.4, 1b.1a, 2b, 2d.

(7) The present invention relates also to compositions comprising biotinylated peptides which are considered particularly advantageous, for diagnostic as well as immunogenic purposes for Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus and are advantageously selected from the following mixtures:

for Human T-Lymphotropic virus type I:

Peptides I-gp46-3, I-gp46-4, I-gp46-5, I-gp46-5, I-p21-2, I-p19

for Human T-Lymphotropic virus type II:

Peptides II-gp52-1, II-gp52-2, II-gp52-3, I-gp46-4, II-p19, I-p21-2.

for Human lymphotropic virus types I and II:

Peptides I-gp46-3, I-gp46-4, I-gp46-5, I-gp46-6, II-gp52-1, IIgp52-2, II-gp52-3, I-p21-2, I-p19, II-p19.

The synthesis of the peptides may be achieved in solution or on a solid support. Synthesis protocols generally employ t-butyloxycarbonyl- or 9-fluoroenylmethoxy-protected activated amino acids. The procedures for carrying out the synthesis, the amino acid activation techniques, the types of side-chain production, and the cleavage procedures used are amply described in, for example, Stewart and Young, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 2nd Edition, Pierce Chemical Company, 1984; and Antherton and Sheppard, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, IRL Press, 1989.

(8) The present invention also relates to a process for in vitro determination of antibodies using the above defined biotinylated peptides, wherein said biotinylated peptides are preferably in the form of streptavidin-biotinylated peptide complexes or avidin-biotinylated peptide complexes.

In the complex of streptavidin-biotinylated peptides or avidin-biotinylated peptides, the peptides may be biotinylated either N-terminally, C-terminally or internally.

This approach for the determination of antibodies is not limited with respect to peptide length and avoids the difficulties inherent in coating peptides directly onto the solid phase for immunological evaluation.

The use of biotinylated peptides, in the process of the invention, makes the anchorage of peptides to a solid support such that it leaves their essential amino acids free to be recognized by antibodies.

The expression anchoring peptide to a solid support means the attachment of the peptide to a support via covalent bonds or non-covalent interactions such that the peptide becomes immobilized.

The solid support can be nitrocellulose, polystyrene, nylon or any other natural or synthetic polymer.

The expression “their essential amino acids are left free to be recognized by antibodies” means that amino acid side chains of the peptide proper are neither chemically modified in any way nor involved in the interaction between the peptide and the solid phase.

The use of biotinylated peptides in the process of the invention enables said biotinylated peptides to be free to assume a wide range of conformations, among which at least one is appropriate for the binding of antibodies to said biotinylated peptides.

Any biotinylated peptide can be selected to be used in the process of the invention. However, some of them are able to be anchored on solid support and to react with antibodies specifically recognizing the epitope within this peptide even without being biotinylated and without being involved in a complex of avidin of streptavidin. In this case, the use of biotinylated peptides results in an apparent increase of the antigenicity of peptides with respect to the antigenicity observed when the peptides are not biotinylated. The expression “apparent” is meant to indicate an observed change obtained under similar test conditions without regard to the absolute cause of the observed change.

By “antigenicity” is meant the property of a peptide to be bound by an antibody.

By “increase of antigenicity” is meant that a positive, signal is obtained for a dilution which is at least two times the dilution of the non-biotinylated peptides. Said positive signal is of the same magnitude as the one obtained for non-biotinylated peptides.

In other words, obtaining a positive signal can be obtained for a smaller amount of biotinylated peptide, compared to the amount of non-biotinylated peptide.

The present invention also illustrated a process for the identification of epitopes in a protein sequence comprises the following steps:

the preparation of peptides corresponding to portions of the amino acid sequence of the protein or polypeptide to be analyzed, said peptides being either contiguous, or preferably overlapping each other, the amount of overlapping being at least 3 amino acids, and preferably about 6 to about 12, the length of the peptides being at least about 5 amino acids and no more than about 50, preferably no more than about 40 amino acids, and more preferably from 9 to about 30 amino acids, with said peptides being characterized in that they are biotinylated;

binding the peptides to a solid phase through the interaction between the biotinyl group and streptavidin or avidin and measuring antibody binding to the individual peptides using classical methods.

(9) The present invention also relates to a process for the in vitro determination of antibodies to HIV or diagnosis of HIV infection by using a peptide composition as defined above in an immunoassay procedure, wherein the biotinylated peptides used are in the form of complexes of streptavidin-biotinylated or of avidin-biotinylated peptides.

(10) The present invention relates also to a process for the invitro determination of antibodies to HCV or diagnosis of HCV infection by using a peptide composition as defined above in an immunoassay procedure, wherein the biotinylated peptides used are in the form of complexes of streptavidin-biotinylated or of avidin-biotinylated peptides.

(11) The present invention relates also to a process for the in vitro determination of antibodies to HTLV I or II or diagnosis of HTLV I or II infection by using a peptide composition as defined above in an immunoassay procedure, wherein the biotinylated peptides used are in the form of complexes of streptavidin-biotinylated or of avidin-biotinylated peptides.

A preferred method for carrying out the in vitro determination of antibodies is by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). This assay employs a solid phase which is generally a polystyrene microtiter plate or bead. The solid phase may, however, be any material which is capable of binding a protein, either chemically via a covalent linkage or by passive adsorption. In this regard, nylon-based membranes are also considered to be particularly advantageous. The solid phase is coated with streptavidin or avidin and after a suitable period, excess unbound protein is removed by washing. Any unoccupied binding sites on the solid phase are then blocked with an irrelevant protein such as bovine serum albumin or casein.

A solution containing the mixture or selection of biotinylated peptides is subsequently brought into contact with the streptavidin- or avidin-coated surface and allowed to bind. Unbound peptide is removed by washing. Alternatively, biotinylated peptides are allowed to form complexes with either avidin or streptavidin. The resulting complexes are used to coat the solid phase. After a suitable incubation period, unbound complex is removed by washing. An appropriate dilution of an antiserum or other body fluid is brought into contact with the solid phase to which the peptide is bound. The incubation is carried out for a time necessary to allow the binding reaction to occur. Subsequently, unbound components are removed by washing the solid phase. The detection of immune complexes is achieved by using heterologous antibodies which specifically bind to the antibodies present in the test serum and which have been conjugated with an enzyme, preferably but not limited to either horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, or β-galactosidase, which is capable of converting a colorless or nearly colorless substrate or co-substrate into a highly colored product or a product capable of forming a colored complex with a chromogen which can be detected visually or measured spectrophotometrically.

Other detection systems known in the art may however be employed and include those in which the amount of product formed is measured electrochemically or luminometrically. The detection system may also employ radioactively labeled antibodies, in which case the amount of immune complex is quantified by scintillation counting or counting. In principle, any type of immunological test for the detection of antibodies may be used, as long as the test makes use of the complex between either streptavidin or avidin and (a) biotinylated peptide(s) synthesized as described.

Also included are competition assays in which streptavidin- or avidin-biotinylated peptide complexes in solution are permitted to compete with the solid phase-bound antigen for antibody binding or assays in which free peptide in solution is permitted to compete with solid phase-bound streptavidin or avidin: biotinylated peptide complexes. By way of example, the many types of immunological assays for the detection and quantitation of antibodies and antigen are discussed in detail (Tijssen, P., Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays, Elseveier Press, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, 1985).

The immunological assays may be restricted to single biotinylated peptides. Preferably, however, a mixture of biotinylated peptides is used which includes more than one epitope derived from the infectious agent(s) to which the presence of specific antibodies is to be measured.

Another preferred method for carrying out the in vitro determination of antibody detection is the line immunoassay (LIA).

This method of antibody detection consists essentially of the following steps:

the antigens, in the form of biotinylated peptide: streptavidin or avidin complexes, to be tested or used are applied as parallel lines onto a membrane which is capable of binding, covalently or non-covalently, the antigen to be tested,

unoccupied binding sites on the membrane are blocked with an irrelevant protein such as casein or bovine serum albumin,

the membrane is cut into strips in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the antigen (biotinylated peptide) lines are applied,

an appropriate dilution of an antiserum or other body fluid (containing antibodies to be detected) is brought into contact with a strip to which the antigens are bound and allowed to incubate for a period of time sufficient to permit the binding reaction to occur,

unbound components are removed by washing the strip,

the detection of immune complexes is achieved by incubating the strip with heterologous antibodies which specifically bind to the antibodies in the test serum and which have been conjugated to an enzyme such as horseradish peroxidase,

the incubation is carried out for a period sufficient to allow binding to occur,

the presence of bound conjugate is detected by addition of the required substrate or co-substituted which are converted to a colored product by the action of the enzyme,

the reactions are detected visually or may be quantified by densitometry.

(12) As demonstrated in the Examples section the present invention relates also the the use of a peptide composition as defined above, for immunization against HIV, and/or HCV, and/or HTLV I or II infection.

(13) The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the biotinylated peptides used in the invention involves the use of N-α-Fmoc-X (N-y-biotin) or N-α-Fmoc-X (N-y-biotin) derivative, wherein X represents

where n is at least 1 but less than 10 and is preferably between 2 and 6, one amino group being attached to the Cα atom while the other being attached to carbon Cy, which is the most distal carbon in the side chain; or their esters obtained with alcohol ROH and more particularly pentafluorophenyl ester;

y representing position y with respect to the carbon atom carrying the COOH group in the radical.

This biotin derivative will be called intermediary product, and the above-defined intermediary products are new compounds determined according to the process of the invention.

(14) In an advantageous method for preparing the compounds of the invention, the intermediary product can be presented by one of the following formula: N-α-Fmoc-(N-y-biotin) is N-α-Fmoc-lysine (ε-biotin) or N-α-Fmoc-ornithine (N-δ-biotin)

(15) The N-terminal biotinylated peptides can be prepared according to the method which comprises the following steps:

addition of the successive amino acids duly protected onto the resin to give: Fmoc-AA_(n) . . . AA₁-resin,

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal for instance by means of piperidine,

addition of the intermediary product:

 through its COOH onto the NH₂-terminal to obtain:

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal group of the compound obtained, cleavage from the resin, extraction and purification of the peptide obtained, biotinylated at its amino terminal, the steps of side chain deprotection and peptide cleavage being liable to be performed simultaneously or separately, and particularly

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal group of the intermediary group, for instance by means of piperidine,

cleavage from the resin for instance with an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, in the presence of scavengers such as ethanedithiol, thioanisole, or anisole,

extraction of the peptide with a solvent such as diethylether to remove most the acid and scavengers,

purification, such as with HPLC to obtain:

Biotin can be conveniently coupled to the free amino-terminus of an otherwise fully protected peptide chain using also conventional activation procedures. Since biotin possesses one carboxyl group and no amino groups, biotin essentially functions as a chain terminator. Preferred activating agents for in situ activation include but are not limited to benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), and O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU). The activation procedures employing these and related compounds are known to those versed in the art of solid phase peptide synthesis and the coupling of biotin does not entail a significant departure from standard coupling protocols.

Biotin in a pre-activated form may also be used. Either N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin or biotinamidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester are conveniently employed and both are commercially available. This method of coupling has been described by Lobl, T. J., Deibel, M. R., and Yem, A. W., Anal. Biochem. (1988) 170(2):502-511. Following addition of the N-terminal biotin, the peptide is cleaved from the resin in the presence of scavengers, the choice of which will depend on the usual considerations of peptide amino acid composition and the nature of the protecting groups used.

(16) The carboxy terminal biotinylated peptides involved in the process of the invention can be prepared according to a method which comprises

coupling of a carboxy-activated form of the intermediary product as defined above to a cleavable linker attached to the resin, for instance to obtain the following compound:

deprotection of the α amino group of the intermediary compound, for instance by means of piperidine to obtain:

successive addition of the subsequent amino acids AA₁ . . . AA_(n) duly protected onto

 to obtain:

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal for instance by means of piperidine,

deprotection of the compound obtained, cleavage from the resin, extraction and purification of the peptide obtained, biotinylated at its carboxy terminal end, the steps of side chain deprotection and peptide cleavage being liable to be performed simultaneously or separately, and particularly

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal, for instance by means of piperidine,

cleavage from the resin for instance with trifluoroacetic acid, in the presence of scavengers such as ethanedithiol, or thioanisole, or anisole,

extraction of the peptide with a solvent such as diethylether to remove most of the acid and scavengers,

purification, such as with HPLC to obtain:

(17) The internally biotinylated peptides can be prepared according to a method which comprises the following steps:

addition of successive amino acids duly protected onto the resin to give:

Fmoc-AA_(n) . . . AA₁-resin,

deprotection of the NH₂-terminal,

addition of the intermediary product:

 through its COOH onto the NH₂-terminal to obtain:

deprotection of the α amino group of the intermediary compound, for instance by means of piperidine to obtain:

addition of the subsequent amino acids duly protected onto the resin to give:

deprotection of the NH2 terminal group of the compound obtained, cleavage from the resin, extraction and purification of the peptide obtained, biotinylated at its amino-terminal, the steps of side chain deprotection and peptide cleavage being liable to be performed simultaneously or separately, and particularly,

deprotection of the NH₂-terminus, for instance by means of piperidine,

cleavage from the resin for instance with trifluoroacetic acid, in the presence of scavengers such as ethanedithiol, or thioanisole, or anisole,

extraction of the peptide with a solvent such as diethylether to remove most of the acid and scavengers,

purification, such as with HPLC to obtain:

Under certain circumstances, it may prove particularly advantageous to be able to biotinylate a peptide internally or at its carboxy-terminus. Such instances arise, for example, when the amino acid sequence of a peptide corresponds to the amino-terminal sequence of a protein. Attachment of a biotin to the amino-terminus of such a peptide results in a structure which is significantly different from that found in the native protein and may, as a consequence, adversely affect the binding properties of biochemical properties of the peptide. It is also possible that even for peptides corresponding to internal protein sequences, their recognition by binding proteins or immunoglobulins may depend on which end of the peptide and the manner in which it is presented for binding. The importance of peptide orientation has been described by Dyrberg, T. and Oldstone, M. B. A., J. Exp. Med. (1986) 164:1344-1349.

In order to be able to incorporate a biotinyl moiety into a peptide in a position and sequence independent manner, efforts were made to synthesize a suitable reagent which can be coupled using conventional procedures. A convenient reagent for C-terminal or internal biotinylation is N-ε-biotinyl-lysine. Provided the α-amino group of this compound is suitably protected (Fmoc and tBoc), this reagent may be used to introduce a biotin anywhere in the peptide chain, including at the amino terminus, by the standard procedures used in solid phase peptide synthesis. The synthesis of the t-Boc-protected derivative has been described (Bodansky, M., and Fagan, D T., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1977) 99:235-239) and was used to synthesize short peptides for use in studying the enzyme activities of certain transcarboxylases.

Unlike the t-Boc derivative, the synthesis of N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) has not been described and given the growing interest in Fmoc-based synthesis strategies, this compound is considered particularly advantageous.

There are a number of possible routes which can be taken to arrive at the desired Fmoc-protected compound. These are shown in FIG. 1. In the first approach, commercially available N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-tBoc) can be used as the starting material. The N-ε-tBoc protection is removed using trifluoroacetic acid and a scavenger such as water. A slight molar excess of the N-α-Fmoc-lysine so obtained is then reacted with carboxy-activated biotin. The resulting product can be readily purified by selective extractions and standard chromatographic techniques. In an alternative approach, N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) can be produced from commercially available N-ε-biotinyl lysine (biocytin) by reaction with fluorenylmethylsuccinimidyl carbonate. Numerous examples of these reactions which can be used as guidelines are given in Atherton and Sheppard, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, IRL Press, 1989.

The strategy shown in FIG. 1 (method A) may also be applied to synthesize N-α-Fmoc-ornithine (N-δ-biotin) from commercially available N-α-Fmoc-ornithine (N-δ-tBoc). The ornithine derivative differs from the lysine derivative only in the length of the side chain which, for the ornithine derivative, is shorter by one carbon atom. The N-α-Fmoc-Lys can be conveniently incorporated into the peptide chain using the same reagents for in situ activation described for free biotin.

Alternatively, N-α-Fmoc-Lys ((N-ε-biotin)-O-pentafluorophenyl ester can be conveniently synthesized from N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) and pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate using the base-catalyzed transesterification reaction described by Green, M. and Berman, J., Tetrahedron Lett. (1990) 31:5851-5852, for the preparation of O-pentafluorophenyl esters of amino acids. This active ester can be used directly to incorporate N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) into the peptide chain. The class of above-defined intermediary products can be prepared according to a method which comprises the following steps:

reaction of a diamino-, monocarboxylic acid previously described with fluorenylmethysuccinimidylcarbonate or fluorenylmethyl chloroformate under conditions of carefully controlled pH to give the singly protected N-α-Fmoc derivative,

or alternatively, use of commercially available N-α-Fmoc-protected diamino-monocarboxylic acids when the side chain amino group is provided with a protecting group which is different from the Fmoc group used to protect the α-amino group, the side chain amino group protection being liable to be selectively removed under conditions which leave the N-α-Fmoc group intact,

purification of the mono-protected N-α-Fmoc-diamino-monocarboxylic acid derivative by selective extractions and chromatography,

reaction of the derivative obtained with a carboxy-activated derivative of biotin, such as N-hydroxysuccinimide biotin, to obtain the (N-α-Fmoc)-(N-y-biotin) derivative which is the desired intermediary product,

purification of the intermediary product by selective extractions, precipitations, or chromatography.

When the biotinylated peptides used in the process of the invention are to be provided with linker arms, these chemical entities may be conveniently attached to either the N- or C-terminus of a peptide sequence during solid phase synthesis using standard coupling protocols, as long as the amino groups of these compounds are provided with appropriate temporary amino group protection.

All these specific biotinylated peptides are new.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

All the samples and sera mentioned in the figures and tables are randomly chosen samples and sera, containing antibodies produced as a result of naturally occurring infection by a viral agent.

FIGS. 1a-1 c represent the strategies for the synthesis of N-α-Fmoc-lysine (N-ε-Biotin).

More particularly:

Method A corresponds to the synthesis of (N-α-Fmoc-Lys(N-ε-biotin) from N-ε-Fmoc-Lys(N-ε-tBoc) and Method B corresponds to the synthesis of (N-α-Fmoc-Lys(N-ε-biotin) from N-ε-biotinyl lysine.

FIGS. 2a and 2 b represent the diagram obtained in reverse phase chromatography of the precursors involved in the preparation of the intermediary products defined above, and of the intermediary compounds.

The reverse phase chromatography has been carried out in the following conditions:

gradient specifications:

buffer A: 0.1% TFA in H2O,

buffer B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile,

column: C2/C13 reverse phase (Pharmacia, Pep-S),

detection wavelength: 255 nanometers;

gradient:

0% B from 0 to 1 minute,

0% B to 100% B from 1 minute to 60 minutes,

0% B from 60 minutes to 70 minutes.

The first diagram corresponds to method A (see FIG. 1) and the second diagram corresponds to method B (see FIG. 1).

FIGS. 3a-1 and 3a-2 represent the antibody binding to HCV peptide II (in an ELISA).

The upper left curve corresponds to sample 8320.

The upper right curve corresponds to sample 8242.

The lower left curve corresponds to sample 8243.

The lower right curve corresponds to sample 8318.

In each of these samples, the optical density (at 450 nm) is plotted against the coating concentration expressed in μg/ml.

The curve with crosses corresponds to non-biotinylated HCV peptide II and the curve with dots corresponds to biotinylated HCV peptide II.

FIGS. 3b-1 and 3b-2 represent the antibody binding to HCV peptide XI (in an ELISA).

The upper left curve corresponds to sample 8320.

The upper right curve corresponds to sample 8326.

The lower left curve corresponds to sample 8242.

The lower right curve corresponds to sample 8243.

In each of these samples, the optical density (at 450 nm) is plotted against the coating concentration expressed in μg/ml.

The curve with crosses corresponds to non-biotinylated HCV peptide XI and the curve with dots corresponds to biotinylated HCV peptide XI.

FIGS. 3c-1 and 3c-2 represent the antibody binding to HCV peptide XVI (in an ELISA).

The upper left curve corresponds to sample 8320.

The upper right curve corresponds to sample 8242.

The lower left curve corresponds to sample 8243.

The lower right curve corresponds to sample 8318.

In each of these samples, the optical density (at 450 nm) is plotted against the coating concentration expressed in μg/ml.

The curve with crosses corresponds to non-biotinylated HCV peptide XVI and the curve with dots corresponds to biotinylated HCV peptide XVI.

FIGS. 4a and 4 b correspond to the detection of biotinylated peptides coated directly (in an ELISA).

The first curve corresponds to biotinylated HCV peptide II, the second curve to biotinylated HCV peptide XI and the third curve to biotinylated HCV peptide XVI.

In each of these samples, the optical density (at 450 nm) is plotted against the coating concentration expressed in μg/ml.

FIGS. 5a and 5 b represent the structures of N- and C-terminally biotinylated HIV-1 peptides (hereabove designated by 1 a.1) originating from the transmembrane (TM) protein of HIV-1.

FIGS. 6a-1 through 6 a-5 represent the detection of core epitopes in the Core region of HCV using overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The sera used are indicated above each diagram. The ordinates correspond to the optical density at 450 nm.

The abscissae correspond to the sequence of the protein in which the location of the epitope(s) is to be determined. For purposes of graphic illustration, the optical density is assigned to the first amino acid in the respective nine-mer sequences.

FIGS. 6b-1 through 6 b-5 represent the detection of core epitopes in the NS4 region of HCV using overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The sera used are indicated above each diagram. The ordinates correspond to the optical density at 450 nm.

The abscissae correspond to the sequence of the protein in which the location of the epitope(s) is to be determined. For purposes of graphic illustration, the optical density is assigned to the first amino acid in the respective nine-mer sequences.

FIGS. 6c-1 through 6 c-10 represent the detection of core epitopes in the NS5 region of HCV using overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The sera used are indicated above each diagram. The ordinates correspond to the optical density at 450 nm.

The abscissae correspond to the sequence of the protein in which the location of the epitope(s) is to be determined. For purposes of graphic illustration, the optical density is assigned to the first amino acid in the respective nine-mer sequences.

FIGS. 7a-1 through 7 a-3 correspond to the positions of biotinylated 20-mers with respect to overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The abscissae corresponds to the protein sequence in which the epitope(s) is to be determined.

FIGS. 7b-1 through 7 b-3 correspond to the positions of biotinylated 20-mers with respect to overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The abscissae corresponds to the protein sequence in which the epitope(s) is to be determined.

FIGS. 7c-1 through 7 c-4 correspond to the positions of biotinylated 20-mers with respect to overlapping 9-mers (in an ELISA).

The abscissae corresponds to the protein sequence in which the epitope(s) is to be determined.

FIG. 8 (SEQ ID NO:176 to SEQ ID NO:177) represents a comparison of antibody recognition of biotinylated and unbiotinylated HCV peptides by line immunoassay (LIA).

FIG. 9 represents a comparison of antibody recognition of biotinylated core peptides by line immunoassay (LIA).

The shorter and longer peptides are compared.

FIG. 10 represents an evaluation of type-specific HCV NS4 peptides by Line immunoassay (LIA).

FIG. 11 represents the amino acid sequence of peptides NS4-a to NS4-e.

FIG. 12 represents the composition of hybrid HCV peptides.

FIG. 13 represents the antibody recognition of hybrid HCV peptides.

FIGS. 14a-14 d represent the construction scheme for mixotope peptides from the N-terminus of E2/NS1 of HCV type 1.

FIG. 15 (SEQ ID NO:178 to SEQ ID NO:261) represents the mixotope synthesis strategy.

FIGS. 16A and 16B (SEQ ID NO:262 to SEQ ID NO:369) represent the synthesis of multiple antigen peptides (MAPs).

FIGS. 17A and 17B (SEQ ID NO:370 to SEQ ID NO:453) represent the recognition of E2/NS1 peptides by sera from rabbits immunized with E2/NS1 “b” peptide MAPs.

FIG. 18 represents the recognition of a commercially available serum panel with a number of biotinylated HTLV-I and HTLV-II peptides incorporated into LIA strips.

Table 1 represents the antibody recognition of unbiotinylated HIV-1 and HIV-2 peptides (designated by TM-HIV-1 and TM-HIV-2) and biotinylated HIV-1 and HIV-2 peptides (hereabove referred to as 1 a. 1 and 2 a, and also designated by TM-HIV-1 Bio and TM-HIV-2 Bio) in an ELISA.

Table 2 represents the comparison of antibody recognition of unbiotinylated and biotinylated peptides from the V3 sequence of isolate HIV-1 mn (also referred as 1 b. 4) in an ELISA.

Table 3 represents the comparison of antibody recognition of the biotinylated V3-mn peptide (referred to as 1 b. 4) bound to streptavidin and avidin, in an ELISA.

Table 4 represents the comparison of antibody recognition of biotinylated and unbiotinylated HCV peptides, in an ELISA.

More particularly:

Table 4A corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide XI.

Table 4B corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide XVI.

Table 4C corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide II.

Table 4D corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide III.

Table 4E corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide V.

Table 4F corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide IX.

Table 4G corresponds to the antibody binding to HCV peptide XVIII.

Table 5 represents a comparison of antibody binding to biotinylated and non-biotinylated peptides, at different peptide coating concentrations, in an ELISA.

Table 6 represents the comparison of N- and C-terminally biotinylated TM-HIV-1 peptide (referred to as 1 a. 1), in an ELISA.

Table 7 represents a comparison of antibody recognition of unbiotinylated and carboxy-biotinylated HCV peptide I.

Table 8 represents the use of mixtures of biotinylated HIV and HCV peptides for antibody detection, in an ELISA.

Table 9 represents sequences of the core epitopes of the HCV Core protein.

Table 10 represents sequences of the core epitopes of the HCV NS4 protein.

Table 11 represents sequences of the core epitopes of the HCV NS4 protein.

Table 12 represents the antibody binding of various Core, NS4, and NS5 biotinylated 20-mers by 10 test sera.

Table 13 represents the antibody recognition of individual E2/NS1 peptides (percent of all sera giving a positive reaction).

Table 14 represents the overall recognition of HIV V3-loop peptides.

Table 15 represents the recognition of HIV peptides according to the geographical region.

Table 16 represents the recognition of European, African and Brazilian HIV-1-positive sera to HIV-I V3-loop peptides V3-con and V3-368.

Table 17 represents the recognition of HIV-2 positive sera to two HIV-2 V3 loop peptides.

Table 18 represents the antibody recognition of hybrid peptides.

Table 19 represents the antibody recognition of mixed HTLV I and II peptides.

All amino acid sequences are given in the conventional and universally accepted three-letter code and where indicated in the one-letter code. The peptide sequences are given left to right which, by convention, is the direction from the amino terminus to the carboxy-terminus.

A number of unconventional codes are also used to represent chemical groups of modifications and are defined as follows:

Group Code Ac acetyl Bio D-biotinyl Fmoc 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl tBoc tertiary butyloxycarbonyl

EXAMPLE 1 Peptide Synthesis

All of the peptides described were synthesized on TentaGel S-RAM (Rapp Polvmere, Tübingen, Germany), a polystyrene-polyoxyethylene graft copolymerfunctionalized with the acid-labile linker4-(α-Fmoc-amino-2′,4′-dimethoxybenzyl) phenoxyaceticacid (Rink, Tetrahedron Lett. (1987) 28:3787) in order to generate peptide carboxy-terminal amides upon cleavage. t-Butyl-based side chain protection and Fmoc-α-amino-protection was used. The quanidine-group of arginine was protected with the 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl moiety. The imidazole group of histidine was protected with either t-Boc or trityl and the sulfhydryl group of cysteine was protected with a trityl group. Couplings were carried out using preformed O-pentafluorophenyl esters except in the case of arginine where TBTU was used as the activating agent in the presence of 1.5 equivalents of the base N-methylmorpholine. Occasionally, glutamine and asparagine were also coupled using TBTU activation. In these cases, the trityl-protected derivatives of these amino acids were employed. Biotin was coupled using either TBTU or HBTU. All syntheses were carried out on a Milligen 9050 PepSynthesizer (Novato, Calif.) using continuous flow procedures. Following cleavage with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of scavengers and extraction with diethylether, all peptides were analyzed by C18-reverse phase chromatography.

EXAMPLE 2 Synthesis of N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin)

A. Method A

Commercially available N-α-Fmoc-L-lysine (N-ε-tBoc) (1.5 grams) was treated with 20 milliliters of 95% trifluoroacetic acid, 5% H₂O for 2 hours at room temperature. Most of the acid was then evaporated under a stream of nitrogen. Ten milliliters of water was added and the solution was extracted 3 times with diethylether. The aqueous phase was then evaporated to dryness in vacuo over phosphorus pentoxide. The resulting powder(N-α-Fmoc-L-lysine) was analyzed by reverse phase chromatography and revealed a homogeneous product which was, as expected, more hydrophilic than the starting material.

N-α-Fmoc-lysine (190 mg, 0.49 mmol) was dissolved in 8 milliliters of 0.1 M borate buffer, pH 8.7. N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin (162 mg, 0.47 mmol) was dissolved in 4 milliliters of dimethylformamide and added to the solution of N-α-Fmoc-lysine. The pH was monitored and titrated as necessary, with NaOH. After 2 hours, the solution was acidified with HCl to pH 2.0, at which time a white precipitate was obtained.

Following extraction with ethylacetate and centrifugation, the white precipitate was found at the H2O: ethylacetate interface. Both phases were removed and the precipitate extracted twice with 10 mM HCl, once with ethylacetate, followed by two extractions with diethylether. The precipitate was dissolved in DMF and precipitated by addition of diethylether. The crystalline powder was then dried in vacuo over phosphorus pentoxide. The resulting product was analyzed by reverse phase chromatography and revealed a major peak which, as expected, eluted later than N-α-Fmoc-Lys. A very small peak of N-α-Fmoc-Lys was also observed. (FIG. 2a).

B. Method B

Commercially available N-ε-biotinyl lysine (biocytin, Sigma, 249 mg, 0.67 mmol) was dissolved in 8 milliliters of 1 M Na2CO3 and cooled on ice. Fluorenylmethylsuccinimidyl carbonate (222 mg, 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in 2 milliliters of acetone and was added to the biotinyl lysine solution over a period of 30 minutes with vigorous stirring. Stirring was continued for 5 hours at room temperature. The pH was maintained between 8 and 9 by addition of 1 M Na₂CO₃ as necessary. The acetone was then evaporated off under vacuum, and 1.0 M HCl was added until the pH of the solution was approximately 2. Upon acidification of the solution, a white precipitate appeared which was washed twice with 10 mM HCl, twice with ethyl acetate, and twice with diethylether. The precipitate was dissolved in DMF and precipitated by addition of diethylether. The crystalline powder was then thoroughly dried in vacuo over phosphorus pentoxide. The resulting product was analyzed by reverse phase chromatography and revealed a major peak which eluted with the same retention time (30.5 minutes) as the product obtained using method 1 (FIG. 2b).

EXAMPLE 3 Method for the Determination of Peptides Corresponding to Immunologically Important Epitopes in an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Using Specific Antibodies

Where peptides were to be coated directly, stock solutions of the peptides were diluted in sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6 and used to coat polystyrene microtiter plates at a peptide concentration of 2 to 5 micrograms per milliliter for 1 hour at 37° C.

In cases where biotinylated peptides were to be evaluated, plates were first coated with streptavidin in sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6 at a concentration of 3 micrograms per milliliter for 1 hour at 37° C. The plates were then washed to remove excess, unbound protein. A working solution of the biotinylated peptide at 1 microgram per milliliter in sodium carbonate buffer was then added to the wells of the microtiter plate and incubated for 1 hours at 37° C.

Once the plates had been coated with antigen, any remaining free binding sites on the plastic were blocked with casein. After washing, a dilution of the appropriate antisera, usually 1:100, was added to the wells of the plates and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C.

After washing to remove unbound material, specific antibody binding was detected by incubating the plates with goat anti-human immunoglobulin antibodies conjugated to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Following removal of unbound conjugate by washing, a solution containing H₂O₂ and 3, 3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine was added.

Reactions were stopped after a suitable interval by addition of sulfuric acid. Positive reactions gave rise to a yellow color which was quantified using a conventional microtiter plate reader. Absorbance measurements were made at a wavelength of 450 nanometers and all data are expressed as an optical density value at this wavelength.

EXAMPLE 4 Use of Biotinylated HIV Peptides for the Detection of HIV-specific Antibodies

Experiments were performed to evaluate antibody recognition of short, 10 amino acid-long, N-acetylated peptides corresponding to other contained within the transmembrane proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Direct coating of these peptides in the wells of microtiter plates gave very poor results when antibody binding was evaluated in an ELISA. Since it was suspected that the peptides did not bind well to the polystyrene solid phase, the peptides were resynthesized in the same way except that biotin was attached to the amino terminus of the peptides, separated from the decamer peptide sequence by three glycine residues whose function it was to serve as a linker arm. The peptides used for the comparison were as follows:

TM-HIV-1:              Ac-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile-Cys-NH2 (SEQ ID NO:110) TM-HIV-1 Bio Bio-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile-Cys-NH2 (SEQ ID NO:111) TM-HIV-2              Ac-Ser-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ala-Phe-Arg-Gln-Val-Cys-NH2 (SEQ ID NO:112) TM-HIV-2 Bio Bio-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ala-Phe-Arg-Gln-Val-Cys-NH2 (SEQ ID NO:113)

The biotinylated peptides were loaded onto microtiter plates which had been coated with streptavidin. Antibody binding to these peptides was compared to antibody binding to the unbiotinylated peptides which were coated directly onto microtiter plates. The results are shown in Table 1. It is evident that the biotinylated peptides from the HIV-1 or HIV-2 transmembrane proteins bound to streptavidin are recognized very well by antisera from HIV-1 or HIV-2 infected persons respectively. This is in contrast to the unbiotinylated versions of these peptides coated directly onto the polystyrene plates. Addition control experiments showed that the increase in antibody binding was the result of the specific interaction between the biotinylated peptide and streptavidin, since there was no difference in antibody recognition of the biotinylated or unbiotinylated peptides when both were coated directly onto the microtiter plate.

Some peptides, particularly ones which are 15 amino acids in length or longer, bind sufficiently to the solid phase to allow the detection of specific antibodies which recognize (an) epitope(s) present in the peptide sequence.

To ascertain whether biotinylation would also improve antibody recognition of longer peptides, both the biotinylated and unbiotinylated versions of the partial V3 loop sequence of isolate HIV-1 mn were synthesized. The sequence and method of synthesis of both peptides were identical except at the amino terminus. The unbiotinylated peptide was simply acetylated whereas in the biotinylated version, two glycine residues were added as a linker arm to separate the peptide from the biotinyl moiety.

The sequences of the two peptides used are as follows:

unbiotinylated V3 mn peptide

(SEQ ID NO:114) Ac-Tyr-Asn-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asn-Ile-Ile-Gly-NH2,

(SEQ ID NO:115) biotinylated V3 mn peptide (peptide 1 b. 4) Bio-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Asn-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Ile-His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asn-Ile-Ile-Gly-NH2.

The unbiotinylated peptide was coated directly onto the wells of a polystyrene microtiter plate while the biotinylated peptide was bound to wells which had previously been coated with streptavidin. The results shown in Table 2 demonstrate that antibody binding to the biotinylated peptide is superior to antibody binding to peptide coated directly onto the plastic.

EXAMPLE 5 Use of Biotinylated Peptides—Avidin Complexes for Antibody Detection

Having demonstrated that antibody recognition of this peptide is improved when the peptide is biotinylated and bound to streptavidin, an additional experiment was performed to determine whether streptavidin could be substituted by avidin. The results shown in Table 3 indicate that this is the case and that biotinylated peptides bound to avidin are recognized very efficiently by specific antibodies.

EXAMPLE 6 Use of Biotinylated HCV Peptides for Detection of HCV Specific Antibodies

In order to determine whether the enhanced antibody recognition of biotinylated peptides was a general phenomenon, a number of additional twenty amino acid-long peptides were synthesized which correspond to sequences derived from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) polyprotein. The amino acid sequences evaluated were as follows:

a. HCV peptide XI

(SEQ ID NO:116) Ser-Gln-His-Leu-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Gln-Gly-Met-Met-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gln-Lys

b. HCV peptide XVI

(SEQ ID NO:117) Leu-Arg-Lys-Ser-Arg-Arg-Phe-Ala-Gln-Ala-Leu-Pro-Val-Trp-Ala-Arg-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Asn

c. HCV peptide II

(SEQ ID NO:118) Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly

d. HCV peptide III

(SEQ ID NO:119) Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Asp-Val-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ile-Val-Gly

e. HCV peptide V

(SEQ ID NO:120) Thr-Arg-Lys-Thr-Ser-Glu-Arg-Ser-Gln-Pro-Arg-Gly-Arg-Arg-Gln-Pro-Ile-Pro-Lys-Val

f. HCV peptide IX

(SEQ ID NO:121) Ile-Ile-Pro-Asp-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Phe-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-Ser-Gln

g. HCV peptide XVIII

(SEQ ID NO:122) Gly-Thr-Trp-Lys-Lys-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Pro-Val-Val-His-Gly-Cys-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro

In each case, two versions of the peptide were synthesized. In the unbiotinylated version, the peptide was acetylated at the amino terminus. The biotinylated versions were all N-terminally biotinylated. A linker arm consisting of two glycine residues separated the biotinyl moiety from the amino acids comprising the HCV sequence.

The unbiotinylated peptides were adsorbed onto the wells of polystyrene microtiter plates at a concentration of 3 micrograms per milliliter.

The biotinylated peptides were bound at a concentration of 1 microgram per milliliter to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates. Sera known to contain antibodies to these peptides were used for the evaluation and were tested at a 20-fold dilution. The results of these comparisons are shown in Table 4, a to g.

These results clearly indicate that antibody recognition of biotinylated peptides bound to streptavidin is enhanced relative to that of peptides coated directly onto the wells of the microtiter plate.

EXAMPLE 7 Influence of Coating Concentration on Antibody Detection

To investigate further the enhanced antibody recognition of biotinylated HCV peptides bound to streptavidin or avidin as compared to direct adsorption on plastic, the influence of peptide coating concentration was investigated. Three peptides (HCV peptides II, XI, and XVI) were coated in concentrations ranging from 10 nanograms per milliliter to 3 micrograms per milliliter in a volume of 200 microliters per microtiter plate well. For direct coating, the unbiotinylated versions of these peptides were used. The biotinylated versions of these peptides were used to coat wells to which streptavidin had previously been adsorbed. Sera known to contain antibodies to these peptides were used at a dilution of 1 to 100 to evaluated the magnitude of antibody binding.

The numerical results of this experiment are shown in Table 5 and are depicted graphically in FIG. 3, a-c.

It is evident that with few exceptions, the biotinylated peptide is recognized very well even at the lowest concentration tested (10 nanograms per milliliter, 2 nanograms per well). In many cases, optical density values close to the maximum attainable are observed at a peptide concentration of only 30 nanograms per milliliter (6 nanograms per well). In contrast, however, the unbiotinylated peptides adsorbed directly onto the plastic are poorly bound by antibody, if at all.

EXAMPLE 8 Influence of Biotinylation of Peptides on Coating Efficiency of the Peptides on a Solid Phase

To determine if the absence of a signal was due to lack of peptide adsorption when the peptides were coated directly, an additional experiment was performed. In this case, the biotinylated versions of the peptides were coated directly onto the plastic at the same concentrations used in the previous experiment for the unbiotinylated versions. To ascertain whether biotin-labeled peptide was bound, the microtiter plates were incubated with a streptavidin: horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Since each peptide contains a single biotinyl group, the resulting optical densities are a measure of the amount of peptide bound, although the absolute amount of bound peptide is not known. The results presented graphically in FIG. 4 demonstrate that plastic-bound peptide can be detected. As expected, the curves are different for each peptide which is a reflection of their chemical uniqueness. Two of the peptides, HCV peptides XI and XVI, appear to bind only weakly to the wells of the polystyrene microtiter plate and this poor binding is reflected in the low optical density values obtained in the ELISA. Since the binding of the biotinylated peptides to streptavidin-coated wells results in very good antibody recognition, it is obvious that poor binding of the peptide to the solid phase is not a limitation when use is made of interaction between biotin and streptavidin.

On the other hand, one of the peptides, HCV peptide II, shows very significant binding to the solid phase, particularly at higher coating concentrations. However, at no coating concentration did the signal obtained when the peptide was coated directly ever equal the signal obtained when the biotinylated peptide was bound to streptavidin. Since even at the lowest concentration tested, the streptavidin-bound biotinylated versions of this peptide clearly gives a positive signal with the antisera tested, the results would seem to indicate either that the direct coating of this peptide is extraordinarily inefficient or that other factors are important besides the simple binding of peptide to the solid phase.

Although difficult to quantify, one of the factors almost certainly involves the manner in which the peptide is bound and available for antibody binding. In the case of peptides coated directly onto the solid phase, it is virtually inevitable that some proportion of the peptide molecules will interact with the solid phase through amino acid side chains which are also essential for antibody recognition. These peptide molecules will therefore be unable to participate in the binding reaction with antibodies. This problem is not encountered with the biotinylated peptides which are all bound to the solid phase through the interaction between biotin and the solid phase-bound streptavidin.

EXAMPLE 9 Use of C-terminally Biotinylated HIV Peptides for Specific Antibody Recognition

In order to determine whether the peptides biotinylated at their carboxy-terminus also give use to enhanced antibody recognition, a carboxy-biotinylated version of the TM-HIV-1 peptide was synthesized. N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) prepared by method A as described was coupled directly to resin functionalized with the acid labile linker 4-(α-Fmoc-amino-2′,4′-dimethoxybenzyl) phenoxyacetic acid after removal of the linker-bound Fmoc group with 20 percent piperidine. The coupling was performed using a 3-fold molar excess of N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) relative to resin functional groups. Carboxyl group activation was achieved using one equivalent of HBTU, one equivalent of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and 1.5 equivalents of N-methylmorpholine. N-methyl morpholine was dispensed as a 0.6 M solution in dimethylformamide containing 40 percent dimethylsulfoxide which was necessary to achieve complete dissolution of the N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin). Inspection of the Fmoc deprotection peak following coupling of the N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) indicated that coupling had proceeded smoothly and efficiently. Two glycine residues were coupled to separate the biotinyl lysine from the TM-HIV-1 amino acid sequence. Following synthesis of the peptide, the amino terminus was acetylated with acetic anhydride. The resulting structure of the carboxy-biotinylated peptide differs significantly from the peptide biotinylated at the amino terminus. A comparison of these structures is shown in FIG. 5.

In order to evaluate antibody recognition of these two peptides, the peptides were bound individually to streptavidin-coated microtiter plates and tested using a panel of antisera from HIV-1 seropositive donors. The results of this comparison is shown in Table 6. Clearly, antibody recognition of the C-terminally biotinylated peptide compares very favorably with that of the N-terminally biotinylated peptide. These results also confirm the utility of the reagent N-α-Fmoc-Lys (N-ε-biotin) for carboxy-terminal biotinylation.

EXAMPLE 10 Comparison of Antibody Recognition of HCV Peptide I, Coated Directly (Unbiotinylated) or Bound to Streptavidin-coated Plated (Carboxy-terminal Biotinylation)

A similar experiment was performed using a peptide which binds relatively well to polystyrene ELISA plates in order to determine whether the carboxy-biotinylated form of the peptide would result in superior antibody recognition relative to the unbiotinylated form of the peptide. The peptide chosen was HCV peptide I, which was synthesized in the following versions:

a. unbiotinylated version:

(SEQ ID NO:123) H2N-Met-Ser-Thr-Ile-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-CONH2

b. carboxy-biotinylated version:

(SEQ ID NO:124) H2N-Met-Ser-Thr-Ile-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Thr-Asn-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gly-Gly-Lys(Bio)-CONH2.

A spacer consisting of two glycine residues was added at the carboxy-terminus to physically separate the HCV portion of the peptide proper from the Lys(N-ε-Bio). Synthesis was performed on resin functionalized with 4-(α-Fmoc-Amino-2′,4′-dimethoxybenzyl) phenoxyacetic acid linker in order to generate carboxy-terminal amides upon cleavage. Coupling of the N-α-Fmoc-Lys(N-ε-biotin) to the linker was performed using a 3-fold molar excess of the intermediate product relative to the linker. Activation of the N-α-Fmoc-Lys(N-ε-biotin) was achieved using one equivalent of TBTU, one equivalent of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, and 1.5 equivalents of N-methylmorpholine. The coupling of all other amino acids was performed according to conventional protocols. Following cleavage of the peptides in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of the appropriate scavengers, the peptides were precipitated and extracted with diethylether.

Unbiotinylated HCV peptide I was coated directly onto the wells of a polystyrene ELISA plate at a concentration of 3 micrograms per milliliter in sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6. Biotinylated HCV peptide I was bound to streptavidin-coated wells using a stock solution containing the peptide at a concentration of 1 microgram per milliliter. The resulting plates were then incubated in parallel with a panel of sera from HCV-seropositive donors. The results of this comparison are shown in Table 7. The biotinylated peptide clearly gives superior results relative to the unbiotinylated version of the same sequence. Two of the sera (8326 and 8244) recognize the biotinylated version of this peptide far better than the unbiotinylated version. The specificity of the antibody reaction is also reflected by the low optical density values obtained for 5 serum samples from uninfected donors (F88, F89, F76, F136, and F6).

EXAMPLE 11 Use of Mixtures of Biotinylated HIV and HCV Peptides

In many cases, the use of mixtures of peptides is required to give the desired result. Mixtures of peptides may be used for the detection of antibodies directed against one or more proteins of a single virus, or for the detection of antibodies directed against proteins of several viruses in a single test. Such tests are considered particularly advantageous for the screening of blood donations for their suitability for use in transfusions and as a source of blood products. In such cases, ELISA plates or other solid supports coated with suitable mixtures of peptides may be used to screen samples for the presence of antibodies to one or more infectious agents whose presence would render the sample unsuitable for use. For the diagnosis of specific infectious agents, appropriate mixtures of peptides are required in order to obtain accurate determinations. Antibodies to individual viral antigens derived from one or more infectious agents may be individually detected and identified simultaneously when use is made of test systems in which individual peptides or mixtures of peptides are bound to the solid phase but are physically separated as they are, for example, in the line immunoassay, such that individual reactions can be observed and evaluated. Such tests require the use of an appropriate combination of peptide mixtures to achieve the desired result.

It is frequently preferable to use mixtures of peptides rather than a single peptide for the diagnosis of ongoing or past infections. Since individual responses to single epitopes may be quite variable, more reliable results are often obtained when several immunologically important epitopes are present in the antibody test. However, since each peptide is chemically unique, it is frequently difficult to incorporate all of the desired peptides into one test, particularly when the peptides are to be coated directly onto the solid phase. Not all peptides are capable of binding to the solid phase and the peptides in the mixture may also exhibit very different optimal coating conditions in terms of pH, ionic strength, and buffer composition.

To determine how well biotinylated peptides would function in a mixture when bound to streptavidin- or avidin-coated plates, two mixtures were made of the N-terminally biotinylated versions of the HIV-1 peptides TM-HIV-1 (hereabove referred to as 1 a. 1) and V3-mn (hereabove referred to as 1 b. 4), the HIV-2 peptide TM-HIV-2 (hereabove referred to as 2 a), and the hepatitis C virus peptides II, IX, and XVIII. Mixture A contained each of the six biotinylated peptides at a concentration of 1 microgram per milliliter (6 micrograms per milliliter peptide, total) while in mixture B, each peptide was present at a concentration of 0.1 microgram per milliliter (0.6 microgram per milliliter peptide, total). The individual peptides were coated at a concentration of 1 microgram per milliliter. For purposes of comparison, mixtures A and B were also coated directly onto the wells of a microtiter plate. Samples from HIV-1, HIV-2, and HCV-seropositive donors were tested and compared to sera from seronegative blood donors. A cut-off absorbance value of 0.250 was used to determine whether a reaction was positive or negative. Absorbance values equal or greater than 0.250 were considered positive while absorbance values below this value were considered negative. The results of this experiment are shown in Table 8.

Based on the reactions to the individual peptides, all of the HCV serum samples were negative for antibodies to either HIV-1 or HIV-2. One HIV-2 sample (no. 1400) had antibodies to HCV peptide XVIII. Of the HIV samples tested, there was no indication of cross reactivity and the ELISA based on individual peptides is specific.

Both mixtures A and B gave good results when bound to avidin-coated microtiter plates. As expected, these mixtures were recognized by HIV-1, HIV-2, and HCV-positive sera but not by sera from seronegative blood donors. In contrast, when these mixtures were coated directly onto the microtiter plates, the results were considerably less satisfactory, with many samples giving a reaction which fell below the cut-off value applied. These results serve to illustrate quite convincingly the enhanced immunological recognition of biotinylated peptides bound to avidin as compared to peptides coated directly onto the solid phase as well as the advantages of using mixtures of peptides for multiple antibody detection.

EXAMPLE 12 Use of Biotinylated Peptides for Mapping of Epitopes in Diagnostically Useful Regions of HCV

It was demonstrated in Example 6 that several diagnostically important regions of the HCV polyprotein, such as Core, NS4, and NS5, can be identified using overlapping 20-mer biotinylated peptides. Extensive serological testing identified the most useful 20-mer biotinylated peptides which permitted to develop a line immunoassay utilizing these biotinylated peptides. However, it was desirable to know more exactly where in these 20 amino acid-long sequences the epitopes were located. One reason is that, if shorter sequences could be identified, it would be possible to make synthetic peptides containing two or three epitopes without the peptide becoming prohibitively long.

Epitopes present in a position of the putative HCV proteins were mapped using the method originally described by Geysen, H. M., Meloen, R. H., and Barteling, S. J.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1984) 81:3998-4002. Consecutive peptides nine amino acids in length with an eight amino acid overlap were synthesized on polyethylene pins derivatized with a non-cleavable linker. This peptide length was chosen because it is larger than the size of typical linear epitopes which are generally between 5 and 7 amino acids in length. By synthesizing 9-mers, the probability that epitopes would be missed was minimized.

The regions in the HC7 polyprotein which were scanned contain Core sequences (aa. 1 to 80), NS4 (aa. 1688 to 1755), and NS5 (aa. 2191 to 2330). These regions correspond to the previously determined 20-mers: Peptide I to VII (Core 1 to 13), Peptide VIII to XIV (NS4-1 to 9), and peptide XV to XIX (NS5-13 to 33).

Following synthesis, all peptides were N-acetylated prior to side chain deprotection in order to remove the unnatural positive charge at the amino terminus.

The peptides were then assayed for their ability to be recognized by antibodies present in sera from HCV seropositive donors. The results of these experiments are shown in FIGS. 6a to 6 c. The optical density values shown are the average of duplicate determinations and have been assigned to the first amino acid of the 9-mer sequence.

The antibody binding profiles for 10 different HCV sera are shown in FIG. 6a. It is clear that the core protein of HCV presents well-defined linear epitopes which are readily stimulated by synthetic peptides. At least superficially, most sera appear to give very similar patterns. Closer inspection, however, reveals that there are individual differences. The various regions of the HCV core protein which are recognized by antibodies are perhaps more properly termed epitopic clusters rather than epitopes as such, since each region is undoubtedly composed of several overlapping epitopes which are difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish using polyclonal sera. An attempt was made to identify core epitopes in each of the epitopic clusters. Used in this sense, the word “core” refers to the minimal amino acid sequence recognizable by antibodies. It should be emphasized, however, that amino acids in addition to the core sequence may improve reactivity particularly in the case of polyclonal sera. An analysis of the epitopes is given in Table 9. By comparing the reactions of the various sera, subdomains of epitopic clusters could be identified. Some sera react predominantly with one subdomain and not with others, while other sera recognize all of the subdomains but still allow the subdomains to be distinguished because each forms a shoulder in the large peak which defines that particular epitopic clusters. Table 9 and FIG. 7a shows the locations of the core epitopes with respect to the sequences of the 20-mers.

The series of 9-mers corresponding to each of the 20-mer Core peptides are shown in FIG. 7a together with the placement of each of these sequences in relation to an antibody recognition profile for one of the antisera tested.

The antigenic profiles for the NS4 protein obtained with the 10 sera are shown in FIG. 6b. In general, the reaction of these sera with the 9-mers was less pronounced than with the peptides from the Core protein. It was, nevertheless, still possible to identify epitopic regions in the N-terminal sequences of the viral NS4 protein. The core sequences of these epitopes are analyzed in Table 10 and show their relation to the 20-mer synthetic peptides which are diagnostically important in this region. The 9-mers corresponding to the different 20-mers are shown in FIG. 7b together with their placement in relation to an example of an antigenic profile. It can be seen that the 20-mers correspond quite well to the epitopes in this region.

The portion of the NS5 protein which was scanned corresponds to the region covered by the 20-mer peptides 13 to 33. The antigenic profiles obtained in this region are shown in FIG. 6c. Again, an attempt was made to define core epitopes and these are listed in Table 11. Little antibody binding was observed in the amino terminal portion of this sequence. In FIG. 7c, the 9-mers corresponding to the 20-mer peptides NS5-21 to NS5-31 are listed and their positions are shown relative to one of the antigenic profiles.

In particular, it is apparent that, the importance of the sequence represented by HCV peptide XVI (NS5-27) would be severely underestimated based on the results obtained with the overlapping 9-mers. The importance of this sequence would also be underestimated if unbiotinylated HCV peptide XVI (NS5-27) were evaluated in an ELISA following direct coating onto the microtiter plate (see Table 4B). however, the biotinylated version of this peptide when bound to streptavidin- or avidin-coated plates reveals the presence of a very important epitope which is of diagnostic value.

In contrast to the often weak binding observed with the 9-mers, the binding with the 20-mers were frequently quite strong (see table 12). In several cases the differences are dramatic. For example, serum 8241 does not recognize any of the 9-mers, whereas the binding to the peptides HCV2 (peptide IX) and HCV5 (peptide XI) is very strong. Moderate binding was also observed to the peptide HCV7 (peptide XIII). This would seem to indicate that there is an important structural component to these epitopes which is present in the 20-mers but which is absent in the 9-mers.

EXAMPLE 13 Use of Biotinylated Peptides for Identification of Epitopes in the N-Terminus of NS1 Regions of HCV Line Immunoassay

Epitopes can also be identified using the line immunoassay (LIA). In general, unbiotinylated peptides bind better to nylon membranes than to polystyrene ELISA plates. Nevertheless, biotinylated peptides complexed with streptavidin or avidin give superior results in the line immunoassay than do their unbiotinylated counterparts bound directly to the membrane. In order to illustrate this, unbiotinylated and N-terminally biotinylated versions of HCV peptides XXg-1 and XXg-2 were synthesized. The unbiotinylated peptides were applied to the membrane as a stock solution containing 100 micrograms per milliliter peptide, whereas the biotinylated peptides were bound to streptavidin and applied as a stock solution of 100 micrograms per milliliter complex. The amount of biotinylated peptide in the stock solution was therefore approximately 10 micrograms per milliliter. Three human IgG control lines were also applied to the strips in order to assist in evaluating the intensity of the reactions. Following application of the antigen lines, excess binding sites on the membrane were blocked with casein in phosphate-buffered saline. The membrane was subsequently cut into strips perpendicular to the direction in which the antigen lines were applied and the resulting strips were incubated with a panel of sera from HCV-seropositive donors. Bound antibody was detected visually using goat anti-human IgG antibodies conjugated to the enzyme alkaline phosphatase after addition of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate and Nitro Blue tetrazolium. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

The specificity of the reactions is demonstrated by the absence of detectable antibody binding to any of the HCV peptides by three sera (33, 34, and 35) obtained from HCV-seronegative donors. The reactions of sera 1 to 32 to the unbiotinylated HCV peptides XX-1 and XX-2 are generally absent or exceedingly weak. In contrast, many of the sera tested recognized the biotinylated versions of these peptides when complexed to streptavidin. The antibody reactions to the biotinylated peptides are significantly stronger in spite of the fact that only approximately one-tenth the amount of peptide was present in these stock solutions compared to the amount present in the stock solutions of the unbiotinylated peptides. The results obtained using the biotinylated peptides demonstrate the presence of a diagnostically useful epitope in these peptide sequences which is not evident when the unbiotinylated versions of the peptides are used.

A total of 8 sequences spanning the hypervariable N-terminus of the HCV E2-NS1 region (aa 383 to 416 of the HCV polyprotein) of different HCV isolates were chosen for further evaluation. These aligned sequences (one-letter code) are as following:

XXa GETYTSGGAAHTTSTLASLFSPGASQRIQLVNT (1) SEQ ID NO:125

XXb GHTRVSGGAAASDTRGLVSLFSPGSAQKIQLVNT (2) SEQ ID NO:126

XXc GHTRVTGGVQGHVTCTLTSLFRPGASQKIQLVNT (3) SEQ ID NO:127

XXd GHTHVTGGRVASSTQSLVSWLSQGPSQKIQLVNT (4) SEQ ID NO:128

XXe GDTHVTGGAQAKTTNRLVSMFASGPSQKIQLINT (5) SEQ ID NO:129

XXf AETYTSGGNAGHTMTGIVRFFAPGPKQNVHLINT (6) SEQ ID NO:130

XXg AETIVSGGQAARAMSGLVSLFTPGAKQNIQLINT (7) SEQ ID NO:131

XXh AETYTTGGSTARTTQGLVSLFSRGAKQDIQLINT (8) SEQ ID NO:132

These sequences are derived from isolates described by the following groups:

(1) Hijikata et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 175:220-228, 1991.

(2) unpublished results

(3) Hijikata et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 175:220-228, 1991.

(4) Kato et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. sci. USA 87:9524-9528, 1990.

(5) Takamizawa et al., J. Virology 65:1105-1113, 1991.

(6) Weiner et al., Virology, 180:842-848, 1991.

(7) Okamoto et al., Japan J. Exptl. Med. 60:167-177, 1990.

(8) Kremsdorfl et al., Abstract V64, Third International Symposium on HCV, Strasbourg, France, September, 1991.

Since the sequences are rather long and because secondary structure—related difficulties were predicted to occur during synthesis, it was decided to split the sequences into two overlapping parts (a=amino acid 383 to 404 and b=amino acid 393 to 416 of the HCV polyprotein). Subdividing the sequence also allows the position of the epitope to be move accurately defined.

All of the peptides were N-terminally biotinylated, complexed streptavidin and used to prepare LIA-strips (data not shown).

When only the LIA-positive samples are considered, the detection rate on the E2/NS1 peptide was found to be on the order of 90 percent. The correlations between recognition of the E2/NS1 peptides and LIA reactivity as well as the scores for the individual peptides are shown in Table 13. It was also clear from the observed reactions that the primary epitope in this sequence is located towards the carboxy-terminus of the hypervariable region. There were exceptions to this, however (see sera 8217 and 8243). Each serum appeared to have its own recognition pattern which underscores the importance of using a mixture of different sequences if this epitope is to be included as a line in the LIA. It would also appear that either there is a considerable degree of crossreactivity between the type 1a and type 1b sequences, or that most people are double infected. It is a simple matter to distinguish between these two possibilities by selectively removing the antibodies, which bind to one sequence, and looking to see what the effect is on antibody recognition of the other sequences. A number of samples gave a rather weak reaction to one or more E2/NS1 peptides but were LIA negative. While most probably false positive reactions, these sera may also be from people who where previously infected but who have resolved the infection.

EXAMPLE 14 Use of Combined HCV Peptides from the Core Region of HCV for the Detection of Antibodies by LIA

In order to reduce the overall number of peptides in a HCV ELISA or LIA, biotinylated peptides can be synthesize which span other immunologically important peptides. Examples of such “combined” HCV peptides from the NS3 region of HCV are given below.

Peptide Sequence core 1 (I) M S T I P K P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q (SEQ ID NO:133) core 2 (II)         P K P Q R K T K R N T N R R P (SEQ ID NO:134) core 3 (III)                         R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G G G Q I V G (SEQ ID NO:135) core 123 M S T I P K P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G G G Q I V G (SEQ ID NO:136) core 6 (IVa) V G G V Y L L P R R G P R L G V R A T R (SEQ ID NO:137) core 7 (IV)             L P R R G P R L G V R A T R K T S E R S (SEQ ID NO:138) core 9 (V)                     (SEQ ID NO:139) T R K T S E R S Q P R G R R Q P I P K V core 10 (VI)                               (SEQ ID NO:140)   R S Q P R G R R Q P I P K V R R P E G R core 7910 G G V Y L L P R R G P R L G V R A T R K T S E R S Q P R G R R Q P I P K V R R                                                                       (SEQ ID NO:141)

All of these peptides have been provided with a Gly-Gly spaces and a biotin at the amino terminus. The peptides were evaluated in a line immunoassay experiment (LIA) and compared to the shorter core peptides. The results are shown in FIG. 9. The longer core peptides compare very favorably to the shorter peptides and consistently give a more intense reaction. This is could be explained if (i) the longer peptides incorporate two or more epitopes which were previously spread over two separate proteins and/or (2) any conformational contribution which may be more prominent in the longer peptides.

EXAMPLE 15 Use of Combined HCV Peptides from the NS4 and NS5 Regions of HCV for the Detection of Antibodies by LIA

Other peptides combine sequences in NS4 and NS5 which are as following:

Peptide Sequence NS4-5 (XI) S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K NS4-7 (XIII) (SEQ ID NO:142) NS4-57         (SEQ ID NO:143) L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A NS5-25 (XV) S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q NS5-27 (XVI) T A S R Q A NS5-2527 (SEQ ID NO:144) E D E R E I S V P A E I L R K S R R F A (SEQ ID NO:145)         (SEQ ID NO:146) L R K S R R F A Q A L P V W A R P D Y N E D E R E I S V P A E I L R K S R R F A Q A L P V W A R P D Y N (SEQ ID NO:147)

The general drawings in using the longer peptides lies in the fact that their use in an ELISA or LIA leaves more space for the incorporation of other peptides carrying immunologically important epitopes.

EXAMPLE 16 Use of Type-Specific HCV NS 4 Peptides for the Detection of Antibodies by LIA

Equivalent peptides containing HCV type 2 and type 3 NS4 sequences which correspond to the type 1 peptides found to contain epitopes in NS4 were synthesized. The sequences of these peptides are shown below for comparison:

Peptide Sequence NS4-1 (1) L S G K P A I I P D R E V L Y R E F D E NS4-1 (2) (SEQ ID NO:148) V N Q R A V V A P D K E V L Y E A F D E NS4-5 (1) (SEQ ID NO:149) NS4-5 (2) S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K NS4-7 (1) (SEQ ID NO:150) NS4-7 (2) A S R A A L I E E G Q R I A E M L K S K (SEQ ID NO:151) L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A (SEQ ID NO:152) I A E M L K S K I Q G L L Q Q A S K Q A (SEQ ID NO:153)

LIA strips were preparing using these nine peptides which were subsequently incubated with different sera. The results are shown in FIG. 10. Two of the sera which were previously negative on type 1 NS4 peptides gave a positive reaction to the type 3 and type 2 peptides. This suggests that it may be possible to increase the NS4 detection rate.

EXAMPLE 17 Use of Biotinylated Peptides from the V3 Loop Region of GP120 of Different HIV-1 Isolates in a Line Immunoassay for the Detection of HIV Antibodies

In order to determine the general diagnostic value of the V3 loop region of gp120, nine peptides derived from this region of nine different HIV-1 isolates were synthesized and included in a LIA. All nine peptides were provided with a Gly-Gly spacer and an N-terminal biotin. The aligned peptides (one-letter amino acid code) sequences are as following:

CON NNTRKSIHI--GPGRAFYTTGEIIG 23 (SEQ ID NO:154) SF2 NNTRKSIYI--GPGRAFHTTGRIIG 23 (SEQ ID NO:155) SC NNTTRSIHI--GPGRAFYATGDIIG 23 (SEQ ID NO:156) MN YNKRKRIHI--GPGRAFYTTKNIIG 23 (SEQ ID NO:157) RF NNTRKSITK--GPGRVIYATGQIIG 23 (SEQ ID NO:158) MAL NNTRRGIHF--GPGQALYTTG-IVG 22 (SEQ ID NO:159) BH NNTRKSIRIQRGPGRAFVTIGKI-G 24 (SEQ ID NO:160) ELI QNTRQRTPI--GLGQSLYTT-RSRS 22 (SEQ ID NO:161) ANT70 QIDIQEMRI--GP-MAWYSMG-IGG 21 (SEQ ID NO:162)

The peptides were mixed with streptavidin in a slight molar excess over biotin binding sites and the peptide: streptavidin complexes were separated from unbound material over Sephadex G-25. Material eluting in the void volume was used in the preparation of the LIA.

A total of 332 sera were tested which had been obtained from various geographical regions. Since it is known that virus strains isolated in Europe or North America exhibit less strain-to-strain variability than African isolates, geographical differences in V3-loop sequence recognition were to be expected. The reactions of the various lines were evaluated in positive (i) or negative (o), data not shown.

The total percentage of sera from the different geographical regions giving at least one positive reaction can be summarized as follows:

European 100% African 94% Brazilian 92%

Additional evaluations with European samples indicate that this percentage is, in fact, some what less than 100% (data not shown). African samples which failed to give a reaction in the LIA have not been tested by Western Blot to confirm the presence of other HIV antibodies.

That the European sera would score well was expected. The lower score obtained for the African sera was also not totally unexpected, since it is known that there is more viral heterogeneity in Africa. Since V3-loop sequences of African strains of HIV have not been as extensively characterized as the European or North American strains, it is clear that we either do not have a representative sequence, or that attempting to characterize African strains in terms of a consensus sequence is not possible exercise since there is too much sequence divergence. The results obtained with the Brazilian sera were unexpected since nothing has ever been reported concerning HIV variability in Brazil. From these results, it appears that the situation in Brazil more closely resembles the situation in Africa and not the situation in North America or Europe.

EXAMPLE 18 Improved Detection of HIV-1 Anti-V3 Domain Antibodies in Brazilian Sera Using a V3 Sequence Derived from a Brazilian Isolate

Brazilian serum samples which failed to recognize any HIV-1 V3 loop sequences present on the previously described LIA strips but which were positive for antibodies which recognized the HIV-1 gp120 protein on Western blots were selected for further study. In one of these samples, V3 loop sequences of virus present in the serum sample could be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the more constant regions flanking the hypervariable domain. The resulting DAN fragment was subsequently cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. A peptide corresponding to the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by this fragment was synthesized and tested for its ability to be recognized by various HIV-1 antibody-positive sera. The sequence of this peptide was as follows:

Peptide V3-368:

Asn Asn Thr Arg Arg Gly Ile His Met Gly Trp Gly Arg Thr Phe Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly

A spacer consisting of two glycine residues were added to the amino terminus. Thereafter, the resulting N-terminal glycine residue was biotinylated. The ability of European, African, and Brazilian HIV-1 antibody-positive sera to recognize this peptide was investigated and compared to the ability of these same sera to recognize the consensus sequence peptide in an ELISA. The two peptides were also evaluated together as a mixture. These results are summarized in table 16. These results demonstrate that with sera of European or African origin, the V3-368 peptide does not result in an increased anti-V3 loop antibody detection over that which is observed with the V3con peptide. In contrast, the use of the V3-368 peptide results in a marked improvement in V3 antibody detection with Brazilian sera. Although this peptide is recognized less frequently than the V3con peptide, the two peptides complement each other to raise the detection rate from 83.3 percent using the V3con peptide alone to 97.2 percent when the two peptides are used together.

EXAMPLE 19 Antibody Recognition of HIV-2 V3 Loop Sequences

The outer membrane cycloprotein of HIV-2 (gp105) is similar to that of HIV-1 with respect to its organization. Like the gp120 protein of HIV-1, the gp105 protein of HIV-2 consists of domains of variable sequence flanked by domains of relatively conserved amino acid sequence. In order to detect antibodies specific for the V3 domain of HIV-2 produced in response to infection by this virus, biotinylated peptides were synthesized corresponding to the V3 sequences of the HIV-2/SIV isolates GB12 and isolate SIV mm 239 (Boeri, E., Giri, A., Lillo, F. et al.; J. Virol. (1992) 66(7):4546-4550). The sequences of the peptides synthesized are as follows:

V3-GB12:

Asn Lys Thr Val Val Pro Ile Thr Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe His Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Lys

V3-239:

Asn Lys Thr Val Leu Pro Val Thr Ile Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe His Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Asp

Two glycine residues were added at the N-terminus of each peptide to serve as a spacer and a biotin was coupled to the α-amino group of the resulting N-terminal glycine. The peptides were bound to streptavidin and coated in the wells of microwell plates. HIV-2 antibody-positive sera were used to evaluate these two peptides in an ELISA. These results are summarized in Table 17. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of these two peptide sequences for the diagnosis of HIV-2 infection.

EXAMPLE 20 Localization of the Epitope at the Carboxy Terminus of C-100 With Biotinylated Peptides

There have been various reports of an epitope located towards the carboxy-terminal portion of the C-100 protein (EP-A-0 468 527, EP-A 0 484 787). Reactivity of certain sera toward this epitope and not to epitopes located within the 5-1-1 fragment could explain why these sera give a positive reaction on C-100 but not to the above-described peptides described in the above-mentioned examples. The five overlapping biotinylated peptides synthesized NS4-a, b, c, d and e are shown in FIG. 11 and cover the carboxy-terminus of C-100 except for the last three amino acids. LIA strips prepared with these peptides were tested using a series of HCV Ab-positive and negative sera. The results of this experiment (data not shown) are summarized below:

Peptide Nr. of reactive sera Percentage NS4-a 0 0% NS4-b 2 3% NS4-c 0 0% NS4-d 0 0% NS4-e 16 27%

EXAMPLE 21 Use of Biotinylated Hybrid Peptides Containing Epitopes from Different HCV Proteins

A fine mapping of the epitopes in the immunologically most important regions of the HCV polyprotein using 9-mers was performed as illustrated in Example 12. Using this information, 3 peptide sequences were devised which consisted of three 9-mer stretches of HCV sequence separated by 2 amino acid-long spacers. In general, Gly-Gly, Gly-Ser or Ser-Gly spacers were used to provide chain flexibility. The arrangement of the epitopes in the three hybrid peptides synthesized and their sequences are shown in FIG. 12. The three peptides were evaluated on a LIA strip. In the first evaluation, the sera originally used for the epitope fine mapping experiments were used since the precise interactions of these sera with the epitopes is known. These results are shown in FIG. 13 and are summarized in Table 16. The order in which the epitopes were incorporated into these three hybrid peptides was arbitrary. It is advantageous, however, to link the epitopes together in a limited number of peptide chains rather than attempting to develop a test based on individual 9-mers. The use of separate 9-mers would rapidly saturate the streptavidin binding sites on the plate (one biotin binding site/9-mer) whereas incorporating the 9-mers into a limited number of peptides as was done in these experiments would enable one to bind 3 times as much (one biotin binding site/three 9-mers).

EXAMPLE 22 E2/NS1 “b” Sequence Mixotope Peptides

The results using synthetic peptides (see Examples above) have indicated that most HCV seropositive sera contain antibodies directed towards the hypervariable N-terminus of E2/NS1. However, because of the hypervariable nature of this region of the protein, it is necessary to use a rather wide spectrum of sequences in order to detect these antibodies in an acceptably high percentage of sera. Analysis of available sequences revealed that the observed amino acid substitutions were not entirely random and that certain amino acids were preferred in certain positions within the sequence. Since the hypervariable sequence is rather long, this sequence who divided into two overlapping portions (“a” and “b”) to improve the quality of the product and simplify the synthesis. Subdividing this region also permitted and determination of that the portion of this N-terminal segment of the E2/NS1 protein which was most frequently recognized by antibodies was located in the region encompassed by the “b” versions of these sequences. Given the sequence information shown in FIG. 14 a “mixotope” was synthesized which contains at each position all the amino acids found in the naturally occurring isolates examined. The strategy followed in the synthesis of the mixotope is depicted in FIG. 15. The strategy for designing mixotopes is reviewed in Grass-masse et al., Peptide Res. (1992) 5:211-216. The resin was divided into a number of portions equal to the number of amino acids to be coupled. The coupling reactions were carried out individually so as to avoid problems arising due to differences in coupling kinetics between the various amino acids. Following the coupling reactions, the resin portions were pooled and mixed thoroughly. The total number of variants obtained for this 23 amino acid-long sequence was +1.147×1010. The increasing number of variants as a function of chain length as measured from the carboxy-terminus or amino-terminus is shown in FIG. 14. The rationale behind the mixotope approach is that epitopes are composed of amino acids whose contribution to antibody binding is not equal. Antibodies may recognize an epitope even though there may be a relatively large number of (generally not random) substitutions in certain positions. In this respect, the antigenic complexity of the mixotope should be substantially less than the number of variants comprising the mixture. For the sake of illustration, if it is assumed that an average epitope is 6 amino acids in length, it is possible to calculate the number variants for each successive 6 amino acid long segment in the sequence. The number of variants as a function of position in the sequence is shown in FIG. 14. The actual number of functional variant sequences will be equal to the number shown for any 6 amino acid-long sequence which happens to correspond to an epitope, divided by a degeneracy factor equal to the number if tolerated substitutions in each position of the epitope but modified to reflect the degree to which the particular substitutions are tolerated. Unfortunately, the exact position(s) of the epitope(s) are not known. It should be stated explicitly that this is not a random peptide library. Key positions in the total sequence which do not tolerate substitutions, as evidenced by the absence of amino acid variations in naturally occurring isolates, are preserved. One disadvantage to this synthetic approach is that rare amino acid substitutions are overrepresented and will tend to dilute out the more commonly encountered amino acids. On the other hand, the possibility existed that overrepresentation of rare substitutions might allow the detection of antibodies not detectable with epitope sequences comprised of more frequently encountered amino acids. Following completion of the synthesis of the mixotope, all peptide chains were provided with a (Gly)2 spacer and a biotin to facilitate immunological evaluation. A multiple antigen peptide (MAP) version of the mixotope may also be synthesized in parallel.

One result of previous studies was that while approximately 90 percent of HCV-positive sera could be shown to contain anti-E2/NS1 antibodies directed against the N-terminal hypervariable region with the 16 “a” and “b” sequences investigated. The apparent lack of these antibodies in the remaining 10 percent of HCV antibody-positive sera could be due to two factors: 1) these patients fail to produce antibodies against this portion of E2/NS1, or 2) has not yet been identified the correct sequence with which to detect these antibodies. Based on experiments with the HIV-1 V3 loop, this latter possibility did not seem at all unrealisitic. LIA strips were prepared which contained the 8 “b” sequences previously used in addition to the mixotope. Sera were selected which previously scored positive on at least one of the eight defined sequences as well as sera which scored negative. In total, 60 sera were tested, of which 56 previously gave a positive reaction and 4 were previously found to be negative. Of the 56 sera which had previously scored positive, 21 reacted with only one or two of the peptides on the strip or only gave a very weak reaction. (data not shown) The mixotope was recognized by approximately one-third of all the sera tested. The reaction of some sera to the mixotope was surprisingly strong, however, it may be possible that the collection of E2/NS1 sequences on which the mixotope was based is not truly representative. It is expected that the mixtope MAP will elicit the production of broad specificity antisera directed against the amino-terminus of E2/NS1.

EXAMPLE 23 Use of Branched HCV N-Terminal E2/NS1 Region Peptides for Raising Antibodies

Several sequences from the N-terminus of E2/NS1 were selected for synthesis as multiple antigen peptides (MAP's) using the technique described by Tam (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5409-5413,1988). The strategy used to synthesize the branched peptides is shown schematically in FIG. 16. Rabbits (two for each MAP) were given an initial injection and were boosted once before blood was drawn for a first evaluation of antibody production. The antisera were tested on LIA strips containing a total of 16 E2 peptides (sequences derived from 8 type 1 isolates, “a” and “b” versions of each). Examination of the LIA strips reveals that there is considerable cross-reaction between the antibodies raised in the rabbits and the various E2 peptides on the strips (FIG. 17). The fact that both “a” and “b” versions can be found which are recognized by the different antisera indicates that there is at least one epitope located in the region where these two versions overlap.

EXAMPLE 24 Diagnosis of HTLV Infection Using Biotinylated Synthetic Peptides

HTLV-I and II are antigenically related members of a family of oncogenic retroviruses. HTLV-I infection has been shown to be associated with two disease syndromes: HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (neurological disorders) and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). In contrast, HTLV-II has not been conclusively linked to any known disease syndrome. This virus was originally isolated from a patient with hairy cell leukemia, however, no casual relationship between HTLV-II infection and the disease state could be established. Since HTLV-I infection has definitely been demonstrated to have the potential to result in human disease while HTLV-II infection has not, it is of clinical interest to be able to differentiate between these two infectious agents. Since these two viruses are antigenically highly related, it is difficult to discriminate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections when viral or recombinant antigens are used for antibody detection. A number of biotinylated peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to detect antibodies raised in response to infection by either HTLV-I or HTLV-II. Some of the peptides were chosen because they contain epitopes which are highly conserved between HTLV-I and HTLV-II and should therefore be useful reagents for detecting HTLV infection without regard to virus type. Still other peptides were chosen because they contain epitopes which should allow HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections to be discriminated. The peptides synthesized are as follows:

I-gp46-3:

(SEQ ID NO:166) Bio Gly Gly Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro Asn Val Ser Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Leu Leu Tyr Pro Ser Leu Ala

I-gp46-5:

(SEQ ID NO:167) Bio Gly Gly Tyr Thr Cys Ile Val Cys Ile Asp Arg Ala Ser Leu Ser Thr Trp His Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro

I-gp46-4:

(SEQ ID NO:168) Bio Gly Gly Asn Ser Leu Ile Leu Pro Pro Phe Ser Leu Ser Pro Val Pro Thr Leu Gly Ser Arg Ser Arg Arg

I-gp46-6:

(SEQ ID NO:169) Bio Gly Gly Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Ile Trp Phe Leu Asn Thr Glu Pro Ser Gln Leu Pro Pro Thr Ala Pro Pro Leu Leu Pro His Ser Asn Leu Asp His Ile Leu Gln

I-p21-2:

(SEQ ID NO:170) Bio Gly Gly Gln Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu Cys Lys Ala Leu Gln Glu Gln Cys Arg Phe Pro

I-p19:

(SEQ ID NO:171) Bio Gly Gly Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Thr His Asp Pro Pro Asp Ser Asp Pro Gln Ile Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Ala Pro Gln Val Leu

II-gp52-1:

(SEQ ID NO:172) Bio Gly Gly Lys Lys Pro Asn Arg Gln Gly Leu Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Pro Ser Tyr Asn Asp Pro

II-gp-52-2:

(SEQ ID NO:173) Bio Gly Gly Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Leu Trp Phe Ile Thr Ser Glu Pro Thr Gln Pro Pro Pro Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Val His Asp Ser Asp Leu Glu His Val Leu Thr

II-gp52-3:

(SEQ ID NO:174) Bio Gly Gly Tyr Ser Cys Met Val Cys Val Asp Arg Ser Ser Leu Ser Ser Trp His Val Leu Tyr Thr Pro Asn Ile Ser Ile Pro Gln Gln Thr Ser Ser Arg Thr Ile Leu Phe Pro Ser

II-p19:

(SEQ ID NO:175) Bio Gly Gly Pro Thr Thr Thr Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Glu Ala His Val Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Thr Thr Gln Cys Phe

A number of these peptides were used to prepare LIA strips for the detection of antibodies to HTLV. Several of the peptides, such as I-p-19 and I-gp46-4, which are derived from regions of the HTLV-I p19 gag protein and envelope glycoprotein, respectively, are expected to be recognized by antibodies produced as a result of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection since these sequences are highly homologous in the two viruses. Others, such as I-gp46-3, I-gp46-6 for HTLV-I, and II-gp52-1, II-gp52-2 and II-gp52-3 for HTLV-II may be useful for detection of antibodies as well as discrimination. Since there is some homology between the HTLV-I and HTLV-II sequences, cross-reactions are to be expected. Nevertheless, the intensities of the reactions to the various peptides should reveal the identity of the virus to which the antibodies were produced.

An example of LIA strips prepared with a number of the biotinylated HTLV-I and HTLV-II peptides is shown in FIG. XXX. The LIA strips were evaluated using a commercially available serum panel (Boston Biomedica Inc., mixed titer panel, PBR203). The test results are in complete agreement with the analysis provided by distributor. Only one sample (nr. 9) is positive for HTLV-I. Sample nr.12 is detected as positive because of the positive reaction to the peptide I-p19. This sample could not be differentiated using these peptides, nor could this sample be differentiated by any other test used by the distributor of the serum panel. Sample nr. 11 was found to be negative and all other samples were found to be positive for HTLV-II. In an additional experiment, an ELISA was performed using all 10 of the biotinylated HTLV-I and HTLV-II peptides. The peptides were complexed with streptavidin individually and then mixed prior to coating. Some of the samples from the panel used to evaluate the LIA strips were used to evaluate the peptides in the ELISA. These results are shown in table. The ELISA in this configuration cannot be used to differentiate HTLV-I and -II infections but should identify HTLV-positive samples in general regardless of virus type. The results further demonstrate the utility of these peptides for the diagnosis of HTLV infection.

TABLE 1 Antibody recognition of biotinylated and unbiotinylated HIV-1 and HIV-2 peptides Serum TM-HIV-1 TM-HIV-1 Bio TM-HIV-2 TM-HIV-2 Bio HIV-1 positive 0724 0.174 2.570 0.000 0.000 mm 0.051 2.579 0.000 0.000 YEMO 0.162 2.357 0.000 0.000 PL 0.000 1.559 0.000 0.000 VE 0.052 2.551 0.000 0.000 HIV-2 positive 1400 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.982 AG 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.323 53-3 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.365 Seronegative donors 194 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 195 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 180 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 204 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000

TABLE 2 Comparison of antibody recognition of biotinylated and unbiotinylated peptides from the V3 sequence of isolate HIV-1 mn. Sample identity V3-mn V3-mn Bio negative control 0.063 0.069 blank 0.053 0.051 YS 1.442 2.784 DV 1.314 2.881 VE 1.717 overflow* OOST 6 1.025 2.855 OOST 8 1.389 overflow* 3990 1.442 overflow* PL 0.531 2.351 MM 0.791 2.542 4436 0.388 2.268 4438 0.736 2.554 266 0.951 2.591 OOST 4 1.106 overflow* *:Absorbance value greater than 3.000

TABLE 3 Comparison of antibody recognition of the biotinylated V3-mn peptide bound to streptavidin and avidin Serum Streptavidin Avidin YS 1.236 1.721 DV 1.041 1.748 PL 0.222 0.983 3990 1.391 1.854 VE 1.526 1.908 4436 0.596 1.519 Control 0.050 0.063

TABLE 4A Comparison of antibody recognition of biotinylated and unbiotinylated HCV peptides Antibody binding to HCV peptide XI Serum Unbiotinylated peptide XI Peptide XI 2 0.090 1.971 3 0.443 2.086 4 0.473 1.976 6 0.053 0.518 8 1.275 2.624 10 0.764 2.321 11 0.569 2.378 23 0.775 2.503 31 0.497 2.104 77 0.093 0.159 33 0.832 1.857 49 0.515 2.180 negative serum 0.053 0.095

TABLE 4B Antibody binding to HCV peptide XVI Serum Unbiotinylated peptide XVI Peptide XVI 1 1.038 2.435 2 0.616 1.239 6 0.100 1.595 8 0.329 1.599 10 1.033 2.847 26 0.053 1.522 83 0.912 2.221 88 1.187 2.519 89 0.495 1.530 91 0.197 2.169 95 0.109 1.484 99 0.814 2.045 100 0.474 1.637 104 0.205 0.942 105 0.313 2.186 110 0.762 1.484 111 0.193 1.465 112 0.253 1.084 113 0.833 2.535 116 0.058 1.918 120 0.964 2.332 11476 0.068 2.197 24758 0.071 0.062 266 0.712 2.262 8247 0.059 0.618 negative serum 0.063 0.067

TABLE 4C Antibody binding to HCV peptide II Serum Unbiotinylated peptide II Peptide II 8241 0.444 0.545 8242 1.682 2.415 8243 2.181 2.306 8247 1.518 1.975 8250 0.110 0.357 8271 0.912 1.284 8273 2.468 2.769 8274 2.700 2.943 8275 1.489 2.030 8276 2.133 2.348 8277 1.771 2.572 8278 1.907 2.022 negative serum 0.047 0.070

TABLE 4D Antibody binding to HCV peptide III Serum Unbiotinylated peptide III Peptide III 8241 1.219 2.066 8242 1.976 2.197 8243 1.859 2.368 8247 1.072 2.398 8248 2.742 2.918 8250 2.471 2.626 8271 1.471 2.066 8272 2.471 2.638 8273 1.543 2.697 8274 2.503 2.905 8275 1.595 2.640 8276 1.976 2.674 8277 0.735 2.327 negative serum 0.050 0.06

TABLE 4E Antibody binding to HCV peptide V Serum Unbiotinylated peptide V Peptide V 8272 0.589 1.220 8273 0.294 1.026 8274 1.820 2.662 8275 1.728 1.724 8276 2.194 2.616 8277 0.770 1.796 8278 1.391 1.746 8284 0.040 0.757 negative serum 0.047 0.070

TABLE 4F Antibody binding to HCV peptide IX Serum Unbiotinylated peptide IX Peptide IX 8315 2.614 2.672 8316 0.133 0.367 8317 0.855 1.634 8318 1.965 2.431 8320 0.721 0.896 8321 0.283 0.457 8326 2.219 2.540 negative serum 0.052 0.005

TABLE 4G Antibody binding to HCV peptide XVIII Serum Unbiotinylated peptide XVIII Peptide XVIII 79 1.739 2.105 83 1.121 1.232 88 0.972 1.858 89 2.079 2.309 91 2.202 2.132 99 1.253 1.526 104 1.864 1.998 105 1.522 2.053 110 1.981 2.065 111 1.363 1.542 112 1.172 1.408 116 1.534 1.978 120 1.599 2.031 1 2.523 2.691 33 1.463 1.813 39 0.068 0.213 47 2.117 2.611 negative serum 0.001 0.001

TABLE 5 Peptide concentration* 3.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.03 0.01 coating method** 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Unbiotinylated HCV peptide II and HCV peptide II sample positive 8320 2.718 2.278 2.684 2.163 2.684 2.004 2.718 1.828 2.757 1.272 2.519 0.479 8242 1.427 0.539 1.368 0.408 1.365 0.234 1.399 0.058 1.481 0.048 1.196 0.051 8243 1.668 1.341 1.652 1.221 1.608 0.831 1.639 0.181 1.597 0.057 1.088 0.056 8318 2.016 0.791 1.993 0.626 1.958 0.347 2.001 0.181 2.181 0.095 2.002 0.048 sample negative 1747 0.064 0.049 0.071 0.046 0.046 0.041 0.045 0.044 0.045 0.043 0.045 0.041 1781 0.057 0.053 0.055 0.053 0.051 0.045 0.047 0.046 0.049 0.053 0.053 0.046 Unbiotinylated HCV peptide IX and HCV peptide IX sample positive 8320 1.779 0.129 0.802 0.093 1.798 0.122 1.244 0.063 1.007 0.057 0.461 0.059 8326 2.284 0.084 2.271 0.068 2.271 0.078 2.284 0.068 2.193 0.051 1.812 0.049 8242 0.791 0.059 0.777 0.052 0.795 0.048 0.911 0.046 0.496 0.047 0.215 0.049 8243 1.959 0.063 1.953 0.053 1.892 0.051 1.834 0.051 1.421 0.051 0.639 0.054 sample negative 1747 0.051 0.046 0.049 0.046 0.046 0.044 0.042 0.045 0.044 0.045 0.043 0.045 1781 0.053 0.053 0.051 0.052 0.051 0.051 0.047 0.052 0.048 0.049 0.049 0.051 Unbiotinylated HCV peptide XVIII and HCV peptide XVIII sample positive 8326 2.315 0.052 2.331 0.053 2.331 0.053 2.331 0.049 2.219 0.051 1.848 0.051 8242 0.749 0.053 0.839 0.049 0.873 0.048 0.946 0.047 1.188 0.049 1.185 0.048 8243 0.671 0.057 0.627 0.053 0.629 0.054 0.661 0.051 0.611 0.053 0.462 0.053 8318 2.391 0.051 2.396 0.045 2.392 0.047 2.409 0.047 2.308 0.047 1.711 0.048 sample negative 1747 0.047 0.048 0.042 0.045 0.061 0.046 0.044 0.045 0.058 0.044 0.042 0.047 1781 0.053 0.055 0.048 0.054 0.048 0.051 0.048 0.051 0.051 0.051 0.045 0.053 *in micrograms per milliliter **1 biotinylated peptide on streptabidin coated plate 2 unbiotinylated peptide coated directly

TABLE 6 Comparison of N- and C- terminally biotinylated TM-HIV-1 peptide TM-HIV-1 TM-HIV-1 Serum C-terminal biotin N-terminal biotin HIV positive VE 2.079 2.240 OOST 6 1.992 2.003 MM 2.097 2.308 0724 2.322 2.291 DV 0.903 1.579 PL 1.893 1.849 2049 1.780 2.058 3990 1.959 1.870 4438 1.622 1.697 4436 2.190 2.110 OOST 7 1.728 2.027 OOST 8 2.117 2.237 OOST 9 2.119 2.222 VCM 2.131 2.263 1164 1.865 1.919 1252 2.244 2.356 0369/87 2.059 2.042 Seronegative blood donors 1784 0.000 0.000 1747 0.000 0.000 1733 0.014 0.000

TABLE 7 HCV peptide I HCV peptide I carboxy-biotinylated (coated directly) (bound to streptavidin-coated wells) HCV antibody- positive sera 8316 2.394 2.541 8318 2.385 2.404 8320 2.760 2.762 8326 0.525 1.775 8329 2.633 2.672 8333 2.143 2.545 8334 2.271 2.549 8336 1.558 2.016 8344 1.878 2.010 8248 2.042 2.493 8244 0.077 1.399 8243 2.211 2.541 8242 1.367 2.389 8364 2.705 2.705 8374 1.070 2.151 8378 2.161 2.531 8330 1.985 2.651 8387 1.427 2.628 HCV antibody- negative sera F88 0.000 0.026 F89 0.017 0.001 F76 0.000 0.022 F136 0.006 0.002 F8 0.000 0.000

TABLE 8 Use of mixtures of biotinylated peptides for antibody detection HCV peptide HCV peptide HCV peptide Mixture Mixture Mixture A Mixture TM-HIV-1- TM-HIV-2- V3-mn-BIO H-BIO IX-BIO XVIII-BIO A B Direct Direct Serum BIO Avidin BIO Avidin Avidin Avidin Avidin Avidin Avidin Avidin coating coating HCV 8243 0.108 0.109 0.114 1.430 1.213 0.118 1.590 1.638 0.542 0.184 8247 0.042 0.048 0.052 1.356 0.756 0.046 0.840 1.149 0.049 0.049 8248 0.043 0.046 0.048 2.287 0.047 0.905 1.859 2.154 0.407 0.064 8269 0.053 0.049 0.056 1.213 0.051 1.513 0.923 1.268 0.078 0.067 8290 0.045 0.047 0.050 0.060 0.048 2.323 1.210 1.761 0.559 0.717 8278 0.046 0.045 0.053 1.878 0.074 0.052 1.806 1.944 0.540 0.152 8273 0.053 0.050 0.056 2.017 0.053 0.052 2.037 2.113 0.773 0.185 8285 0.134 0.163 0.143 1.592 0.270 0.146 1.746 1.822 0.908 0.401 8291 0.048 0.050 0.053 1.539 0.052 0.049 1.591 1.809 0.335 0.098 HIV-2 AG 0.054 2.065 0.068 0.081 0.064 0.058 1.833 1.880 0.054 0.056 1400 0.051 1.781 0.055 0.121 0.052 1.362 1.692 2.031 0.214 0.326 HIV-1 YS 0.046 0.046 2.201 0.048 0.049 0.049 2.045 1.845 0.200 0.052 PL 1.974 0.051 1.321 0.052 0.056 0.052 1.587 1.776 0.052 0.055 DV 1.329 0.048 2.340 0.047 0.049 0.047 1.969 1.742 0.100 0.049 3990 1.602 0.054 2.319 0.054 0.066 0.056 2.217 1.926 0.390 0.081 Blood donor 1785 0.046 0.047 0.048 0.045 0.050 0.047 0.047 0.049 0.045 0.049 1794 0.124 0.090 0.091 0.153 0.098 0.104 0.152 0.161 0.050 0.058 1784 0.044 0.046 0.046 0.045 0.050 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.045 0.048 1782 0.052 0.057 0.059 0.057 0.062 0.053 0.057 0.059 0.049 0.056

TABLE 9 Sequences of the Core Epitopes of the HCV Core Protein HCV CORE PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS 1-90 Positions of core epitopes (SEQ ID NO:) Epitope 1A:

M S T I P K P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q             P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G (453) CORE 1 (454) CORE 2 Epitope 1B:

M S T I P K P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q             P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G (453) CORE 1 (454) CORE 2 Epitope 2:

P Q R K T K R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G             R N T N R R P Q D V K F P G G G Q I V G (454) CORE 2 (455) CORE 3 Epitope 3A:

P G G G Q I V G G V Y L L P R R G P R L (456) CORE 5 Epitope 3B:

P G G G Q I V G G V Y L L P R R G P R L                         L P R R G P R L G V R A T R K T S E R S (456) CORE 5 (457) CORE 7 Epitope 3C:

L P R R G P R L G Y R A T R K T S E R S (457) CORE 7 Epitope 4A:

T R K T S E R S Q P R G R R Q P I P K V (458) CORE 9 Epitope 4B:

T R K T S E R S Q P R G R R Q P I P K V                          R R Q P I P K V R R P E G R T W A Q P G (458) CORE 9 (459) CORE 11 Epitope 5A:

R R Q P I P K V R R P E G R T W A Q P G                          G R T W A Q P G Y P W P L Y G N E G C G (459) CORE 11 (600) CORE 13 Epitope 5B: (minor)

G R T W A Q P G Y P W P L Y G N E G C G (600) CORE 13

TABLE 10 Sequences of the Core Epitopes of the HCV NS4 Protein HCV NS4 PROTEINS Positions of core epitopes (SEQ ID NO:) Epitope 1A:

L S G K P A I I P D R E V L Y R E F D E             I I P D R E V L Y R E F D E M E E C S Q (460) HCV1 (461) HCV2 Epitope 2A:

V L Y R E F D E M E E C S Q H L P Y I E             D E M E E C S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A                         S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K (462) HCV3 (463) HCV4 (464) HCV5 Epitope 2B: (minor)

D E M E E C S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A             S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K (463) HCV4 (464) HCV5 Epitope 3A:

S Q H L P Y I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K             I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q                         L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A (464) HCV5 (465) HCV6 (466) HCV7 Epitope 3B:

I E Q G M M L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q             L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A (465) HCV6 (466) HCV7 Epitope 4:

L A E Q F K Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A             Q K A L G L L Q T A S R Q A E V I A P A (466) HCV7 (467) HCV8

TABLE 11 Sequences of the Core Epitopes of the HCV NS5 Protein HCV NS5 PROTEINS Positions of the core epitopes (SEQ ID NO:) Epitope 1A:

E D E R E I S V P A E I L R K S R R F A (471) NS5-25 Epitope 1B:

E D E R E I S V P A E I L R K S R R F A (471) NS5-25 Epitope 2:

L R K S R R F A Q A L P V W A R P D Y N (472) NS5-27 Epitope 3:

V W A R P D Y N P P L V E T W K K P D Y (473) NS5-29 Epitope 4: (minor)

V W A R D Y N P P L V E T W K K P D Y (473) NS5-29 Epitope 5:

E T W K K P D Y E P P V V H G C P L P P (474) NS5-31 Epitope 6:

E T W K K P D Y E P P V V H G C P L P P                         V H G C P L P P P K S P P V P P P R K K (474) NS5-31 (475) NS5-33

TABLE 12 Antibody binding of Various Core, NS4 and NS5 biotinylated 20-mers by the 10 test sera PEPTIDE ELISA (O.D.) SERUM Core-2 Core-3 Core-7 Core-9 HCV-2 HCV-5 HCV-7 NS5-25 NS5-27 NS5-31 8242 2.415 2.197 0.632 2.315 2.114 1.625 1.252 0.268 2.318 2.453 8248 2.441 2.918 1.529 2.021 0.142 0.182 1.963 0.054 0.388 1.511 8332 1.977 2.054 1.387 1.455 0.392 0.575 0.945 0.047 2.130 2.290 8339 2.030 2.765 0.166 2.598 2.497 0.043 0.041 1.495 2.359 2.757 8358 1.982 2.135 0.357 0.685 1.779 0.623 0.598 0.069 2.249 0.182 8377 2.181 2.368 0.221 0.076 2.360 2.227 1.829 1.092 2.336 1.378 8378 1.140 2.369 1.089 1.228 1.859 1.449 2.006 0.279 1.602 2.337 8383 2.463 2.463 0.970 2.162 2.300 1.018 2.504 0.055 2.390 1.378 8241 0.545 2.066 0.448 0.274 2.421 2.280 0.968 0.050 2.456 0.273 8243 2.306 2.368 1.251 1.378 2.203 2.268 2.251 0.062 1.444 0.127

TABLE 13 Antibody recognition of individual E2/NS1 peptides. (percent of all sera giving a positive reaction.) CL14-A  7 (51) 13.7% B 36 (51) 70.6% KATO-A  2 (51) 3.92% B 26 (51) 50.98% HCJ4-A 32 (51) 62.74% B 41 (51) 80.39% FRENCH-A 30 (51) 58.8% B 42 (51) 82.35% YEK-A  7 (51) 13.72% B 49 (51) 96.07% TAMI-A 12 (51) 23.52% B 36 (51) 70.58% 18CHl-A  5 (51) 9.8% B 30 (51) 58.82% CHIR-A 32 (51) 62.7% B 40 (51) 78.43%

TABLE 14 Overall Recognition of NB-Loop peptides. CON SC MN SF2 BH RF MAL ELI 70 Total SUM 287 261 275 258 108 146 140 24 6 COUNT 326 326 326 326 326 326 326 326 326 gp120 positive % Reactive 88 80 84 79 33 45 43 7 2 Total SUM 287 261 275 258 108 146 140 24 6 COUNT 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 307 HIV-V3 positive % Reactive 93 85 90 84 35 48 46 8 2

TABLE 15 Recognition of peptides according to geographical region EUROPEAN % AFRICAN % BRAZILIAN % Consensus 98 Consensus 89 Consensus 82 HIV-1 (SC) 98 HIV-1 (MN) 85 HIV-1 (MN) 78 HIV-1 (SF2) 98 HIV-1 (SF2) 79 HIV-1 (SC) 75 HIV-1 (MN) 97 HIV-1 (SC) 73 HIV-1 (SF2) 72 HIV-1 (RF) 75 HIV-1 (MAL) 60 HIV-1 (RF) 38 HIV-1 (MAL) 68 HIV-1 (RF) 34 HIV-1 (MAL) 30 HIV-1 (IIIB) 61 HIV-1 (IIIB) 27 HIV-1 (IIIB) 26 HIV-1 (ELI) 8 HIV-1 (ELI) 13 HIV-1 (ELI) 5 ANT 70 2 ANT 70 2 ANT 70 2

TABLE 16 Recognition of European, African and Brazilian HIV-1 antibody-positive sera to HIV-1 V3 loop peptides V3-con and V3-368 V3-con V3-368 V3con - V3-368 European sera number tested 36 36 36 number positive 33 4 33 number negative 0 12 0 number borderline 3 20 3 percent positive 92 11 92 percent negative 0 33 0 percent borderline 8 56 8 African sera number tested 45 45 45 number positive 40 5 40 number negative 4 31 2 number borderline 1 9 3 percent positive 89 11 89 percent negative 9 69 4 percent borderline 2 20 7 Brazilian sera number tested 36 36 36 number positive 30 16 35 number negative 1 5 1 number borderline 5 15 0 percent positive 83.3 44.4 97.2 percent negative 2.8 13.9 2.8 percent borderline 13.9 41.7 0

TABLE 17 Recognition of HIV-2 positive sera to peptides for the V2 loop region of HIV-2 V3-GB12 V3-239 number tested 21 21 number positive 21 19 number negative 0 0 number borderline 0 2 percent positive 100 90.5 percent negative 0 0 percent borderline 0 9.5

TABLE 18 Antibody recognition of hybrid peptides A. NS4 NS5 Core LIA Serum Epitope 1 Epitope 5 Epitope 2 Epi-152 Discrepancies 5241 — — — — weak 5242 — — — — 5243 — — — — 5248 — — — — 5332 — — — — 5339 — — — — 5358 — — — — 5377 — — — — 5378 — — — — 5383 — — — — B. NS5 NS4 Epi- Core Epi- LIA Epi- Serum Epitope 3 tope 3B tope 3A 33B3A Discrepancies 6241 — — — — — 6242 — — — — 6243 — — — — 6248 — — — — 6332 — — — — — 6339 — — — — 6358 — — — — 6377 — — — — 6378 — — — — 6383 — — — — C. Core Epi- NS4 Epi- NS5 Epi- LIA Epi- Serum tope 4B tope 2A tope 5 B2A5 Discrepancies 8241 — — — — 8242 — — — — 8243 — — — — — — — — 8248 — — — — 8332 — — — — —weak 8339 — — — — 8358 — — — — — 8377 — — — — — 8378 — — — — 8383 — — — —

TABLE 19 ANTIBODY RECOGNITION OF HTLV PEPTIDES Serum number Optical density 1 0.303 2 3.001 3 0.644 4 1.262 6 3.001 7 2.623 9 2.607 (HTLV-1) 10 3.001 11 0.068 (negative) 13 3.001 14 3.001 15 0.850 16 0.278 19 1.048 20 3.001 21 0.805 22 0.812 23 3.001 24 0.405 25 1.521

600 1 11 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 1 Xaa Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Ile Cys Xaa 1 5 10 2 20 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 2 Xaa Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Thr Thr Ala Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Asn Ala Ser Xaa 20 3 21 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 3 Xaa Glu Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys 1 5 10 15 Gly Lys Leu Ile Xaa 20 4 18 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 4 Xaa Leu Gln Ala Arg Ile Leu Ala Val Glu Arg Tyr Leu Lys Asp Gln 1 5 10 15 Leu Xaa 5 12 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 5 Xaa Leu Trp Gly Cys Lys Gly Lys Leu Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 6 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 6 Xaa Asp Gln Gln Leu Leu Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys His Ile 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Asn Val Pro Trp Asn Xaa 20 7 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 7 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 8 36 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 8 Xaa Cys Thr Arg Pro Asn Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile His Ile Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg Ala Phe Tyr Thr Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly Asp Ile Arg Gln 20 25 30 Ala His Cys Xaa 35 9 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 9 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Tyr Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Arg Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 10 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 10 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Gly Asp Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 11 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 11 Xaa Tyr Asn Lys Arg Lys Arg Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Lys Asn Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 12 25 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 12 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Thr Lys Gly Pro Gly Arg Val Ile 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Gln Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 25 13 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 13 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Arg Gly Ile His Phe Gly Pro Gly Gln Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 Tyr Thr Thr Gly Ile Val Gly Xaa 20 14 26 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 14 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Arg Ile Gln Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ala Phe Val Thr Ile Gly Lys Ile Gly Xaa 20 25 15 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 15 Xaa Gln Asn Thr Arg Gln Arg Thr Pro Ile Gly Leu Gly Gln Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Tyr Thr Thr Arg Ser Arg Ser Xaa 20 16 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 16 Xaa Gln Ile Asp Ile Gln Glu Met Arg Ile Gly Pro Met Ala Trp Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ser Met Gly Ile Gly Gly Xaa 20 17 25 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 17 Xaa Asn Asn Thr Arg Arg Gly Ile His Met Gly Trp Gly Arg Thr Phe 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 25 18 38 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 18 Xaa Arg Asp Asn Trp Arg Ser Glu Leu Tyr Lys Tyr Lys Val Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Ile Glu Pro Leu Gly Val Ala Pro Thr Lys Ala Lys Arg Arg Val Val 20 25 30 Gln Arg Glu Lys Arg Xaa 35 19 12 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 19 Xaa Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 20 22 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 20 Xaa Lys Tyr Leu Gln Asp Gln Ala Arg Leu Asn Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Arg Gln Val Cys Xaa 20 21 25 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 21 Xaa Asn Lys Thr Val Leu Pro Ile Thr Phe Met Ser Gly Phe Lys Phe 1 5 10 15 His Ser Gln Pro Val Ile Asn Lys Xaa 20 25 22 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 22 Xaa Asn Lys Thr Val Val Pro Ile Thr Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe 1 5 10 15 His Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Lys Xaa 20 23 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 23 Xaa Asn Lys Thr Val Leu Pro Val Thr Ile Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe 1 5 10 15 His Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Asp Xaa 20 24 12 PRT Chimpanzee Immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 24 Xaa Leu Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Ala Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 25 12 PRT Simian immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 25 Xaa Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Trp Lys Gln Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 26 12 PRT Simian immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site 26 Xaa Gln Trp Gly Cys Ser Trp Ala Gln Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 27 24 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 27 Xaa Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro Asn Val Ser Val Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Tyr Pro Ser Leu Ala Xaa 20 28 23 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 28 Xaa Tyr Thr Cys Ile Val Cys Ile Asp Arg Ala Ser Leu Ser Thr Trp 1 5 10 15 His Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro Xaa 20 29 24 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 29 Xaa Asn Ser Leu Ile Leu Pro Pro Phe Ser Leu Ser Pro Val Pro Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Ser Arg Ser Arg Arg Xaa 20 30 38 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 30 Xaa Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Ile Trp Phe Leu Asn Thr Glu Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Leu Pro Pro Thr Ala Pro Pro Leu Leu Pro His Ser Asn Leu 20 25 30 Asp His Ile Leu Glu Xaa 35 31 33 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 31 Xaa Gln Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu Phe Trp 1 5 10 15 Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu Cys Lys Ala Leu Gln Glu Gln Cys Arg Phe Pro 20 25 30 Xaa 32 33 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 32 Xaa Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Thr His Asp Pro Pro Asp Ser Asp 1 5 10 15 Pro Gln Ile Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Ala Pro Gln Val Leu 20 25 30 Xaa 33 20 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 33 Xaa Lys Lys Pro Asn Arg Gln Gly Leu Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Pro Ser Tyr 1 5 10 15 Asn Asp Pro Xaa 20 34 38 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 34 Xaa Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Leu Trp Phe Ile Thr Ser Glu Pro 1 5 10 15 Thr Gln Pro Pro Pro Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Val His Asp Ser Asp Leu 20 25 30 Glu His Val Leu Thr Xaa 35 35 40 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 35 Xaa Tyr Ser Cys Met Val Cys Val Asp Arg Ser Ser Leu Ser Ser Trp 1 5 10 15 His Val Leu Tyr Thr Pro Asn Ile Ser Ile Pro Gln Gln Thr Ser Ser 20 25 30 Arg Thr Ile Leu Phe Pro Ser Xaa 35 40 36 32 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 36 Xaa Pro Thr Thr Thr Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Glu Ala 1 5 10 15 His Val Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Thr Thr Gln Cys Phe Xaa 20 25 30 37 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 37 Xaa Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Xaa 20 38 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 38 Xaa Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp 1 5 10 15 Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Xaa 20 39 13 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 39 Xaa Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Xaa 1 5 10 40 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 40 Xaa Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Xaa 20 41 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 41 Xaa Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Xaa 20 42 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 42 Xaa Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Xaa 20 43 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 43 Xaa Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Xaa 20 44 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 44 Xaa Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Xaa 20 45 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 45 Xaa Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr 1 5 10 15 Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Xaa 20 46 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 46 Xaa Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Asn Glu Gly Cys Gly Xaa 20 47 32 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 47 Xaa Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Xaa 20 25 30 48 42 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 48 Xaa Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg 20 25 30 Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Xaa 35 40 49 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 49 Xaa Leu Ser Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Xaa 20 50 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 50 Xaa Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met 1 5 10 15 Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln Xaa 20 51 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 51 Xaa Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Xaa 20 52 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 52 Xaa Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Met Met Leu Ala Xaa 20 53 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 53 Xaa Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Xaa 20 54 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 54 Xaa Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Xaa 20 55 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 55 Xaa Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Xaa 20 56 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 56 Xaa Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Val Ile Ala Pro Ala Xaa 20 57 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 57 Xaa Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Glu Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala 20 25 30 Xaa 58 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 58 Xaa Gly Glu Gly Ala Val Gln Trp Met Asn Arg Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Gly Asn His Xaa 20 59 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 59 Xaa Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Xaa 20 60 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 60 Xaa Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Xaa 20 61 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 61 Xaa Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Xaa 20 62 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 62 Xaa Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly 1 5 10 15 Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Xaa 20 63 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 63 Xaa Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Pro Arg Lys Lys Xaa 20 64 39 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 64 Xaa Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg 20 25 30 Pro Asp Tyr Asp Tyr Asn Xaa 35 65 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 65 Xaa Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Xaa 35 66 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 66 Xaa Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Xaa 20 67 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 67 Xaa Ser His Thr Thr Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 68 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 68 Xaa Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser Ala Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Xaa 35 69 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 69 Xaa Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Xaa 20 70 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 70 Xaa Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 71 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 71 Xaa Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Xaa 35 72 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 72 Xaa Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Xaa 20 73 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 73 Xaa Gly His Val Thr Cys Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 74 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 74 Xaa Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Xaa 35 75 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 75 Xaa Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Xaa 20 76 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 76 Xaa Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 77 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 77 Xaa Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Xaa 35 78 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 78 Xaa Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Xaa 20 79 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 79 Xaa Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 80 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 80 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro Lys Gln Asn Val His Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Xaa 35 81 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 81 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Xaa 20 82 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 82 Xaa Gly His Thr Met Thr Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asn Val His Leu Ile Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 83 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 83 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Xaa 35 84 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 84 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Xaa 20 85 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 85 Xaa Ala Arg Ala Met Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 86 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 86 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala Lys Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Xaa 35 87 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 87 Xaa Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Xaa 20 88 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 88 Xaa Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 89 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 89 Xaa Ala Gln Thr His Thr Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala His Asn Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Gly Met Phe Ser Leu Gly Ala Arg Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Xaa 35 90 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 90 Xaa Ala Gln Thr His Thr Val Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala His Asn Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Gly Met Phe Ser Xaa 20 91 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 91 Xaa Ala His Asn Ala Arg Thr Leu Thr Gly Met Phe Ser Leu Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Xaa 20 25 92 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 92 Xaa Val Asn Gln Arg Ala Val Val Ala Pro Asp Lys Glu Val Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Glu Ala Phe Asp Glu Xaa 20 93 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 93 Xaa Val Ala Pro Asp Lys Glu Val Leu Tyr Glu Ala Phe Asp Glu Met 1 5 10 15 Glu Glu Cys Ala Ser Xaa 20 94 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 94 Xaa Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Ile Glu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gly Gln Arg Ile Ala Xaa 20 95 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 95 Xaa Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Ile Glu Glu Gly Gln Arg Ile Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Met Leu Lys Ser Lys Xaa 20 96 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 96 Xaa Ile Glu Glu Gly Gln Arg Ile Ala Glu Met Leu Lys Ser Lys Ile 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Xaa 20 97 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 97 Xaa Ile Ala Glu Met Leu Lys Ser Lys Ile Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Gln 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Lys Gln Ala Xaa 20 98 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 98 Xaa Ser Lys Ile Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Gln Ala Ser Lys Gln Ala Gln 1 5 10 15 Asp Ile Gln Pro Ala Xaa 20 99 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 99 Xaa Arg Ser Asp Leu Glu Pro Ser Ile Pro Ser Glu Tyr Met Leu Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Arg Phe Pro Xaa 20 100 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 100 Xaa Met Leu Pro Lys Lys Arg Phe Pro Pro Ala Leu Pro Ala Trp Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Xaa 20 101 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 101 Xaa Ala Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Ser Trp 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Pro Asp Tyr Xaa 20 102 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 102 Xaa Glu Ser Trp Lys Arg Pro Asp Tyr Gln Pro Ala Thr Val Ala Gly 1 5 10 15 Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Xaa 20 103 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 103 Xaa Val Ala Gly Cys Ala Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Lys Thr Pro Thr Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Pro Arg Arg Arg Xaa 20 104 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 104 Xaa Leu Gly Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Val Pro Asp Lys Glu Val Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Gln Tyr Asp Glu Xaa 20 105 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 105 Xaa Ser Gln Ala Ala Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Ala Gln Val Ile Ala His 1 5 10 15 Gln Phe Lys Glu Lys Xaa 20 106 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 106 Xaa Ile Ala His Gln His Gln Phe Lys Glu Lys Val Leu Gly Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Ala Thr Gln Gln Gln Xaa 20 107 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 107 Xaa Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Gly Gly Lys Lys Pro Asp 1 5 10 15 Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Gly Gly Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro 20 25 30 Xaa 108 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 108 Xaa Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Gly Gly Gln Phe Lys Gln 1 5 10 15 Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Ser Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly 20 25 30 Xaa 109 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site 109 Xaa Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Gly Gly Ser Gln His Leu 1 5 10 15 Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Ser Gly Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro 20 25 30 Xaa 110 12 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Ac 110 Xaa Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Xaa 1 5 10 111 15 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 111 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Xaa 1 5 10 15 112 12 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Ac 112 Xaa Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 113 15 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 113 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Ser Trp Gly Cys Ala Phe Arg Gln Val Cys Xaa 1 5 10 15 114 25 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Ac 114 Xaa Tyr Asn Lys Arg Lys Arg Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe 1 5 10 15 Tyr Thr Thr Lys Asn Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 25 115 26 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 115 Xaa Gly Gly Tyr Asn Lys Arg Lys Arg Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg 1 5 10 15 Ala Phe Thr Thr Lys Asn Ile Ile Gly Xaa 20 25 116 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 116 Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Gln Lys 20 117 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 117 Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Pro Asp Tyr Asn 20 118 19 PRT Hepatitis C virus 118 Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val 1 5 10 15 Lys Phe Gly 119 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 119 Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ile Val Gly 20 120 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 120 Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro 1 5 10 15 Ile Pro Lys Val 20 121 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 121 Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu 1 5 10 15 Glu Cys Ser Gln 20 122 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 122 Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys 1 5 10 15 Pro Leu Pro Pro 20 123 21 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site NH2 123 Xaa Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Pro Gln Xaa 20 124 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) modified site NH2 124 Xaa Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Pro Gln Gly Gly Xaa Xaa 20 125 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 125 Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu Val 20 25 30 Asn Thr 126 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 126 Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser Ala Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val 20 25 30 Asn Thr 127 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 127 Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val 20 25 30 Asn Thr 128 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 128 Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln Ser 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val 20 25 30 Asn Thr 129 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 129 Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Ile 20 25 30 Asn Thr 130 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 130 Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro Lys Gln Asn Val His Leu Ile 20 25 30 Asn Thr 131 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 131 Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu Ile 20 25 30 Asn Thr 132 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 132 Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala Lys Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu Ile 20 25 30 Asn Thr 133 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 133 Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Pro Gln 20 134 15 PRT Hepatitis C virus 134 Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro 1 5 10 15 135 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 135 Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Ile Val Gly 20 136 32 PRT Hepatitis C virus 136 Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly 20 25 30 137 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 137 Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Ala Thr Arg 20 138 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 138 Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr 1 5 10 15 Ser Glu Arg Ser 20 139 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 139 Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro 1 5 10 15 Ile Pro Glu Val 20 140 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 140 Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Glu Val Arg Arg 1 5 10 15 Pro Glu Gly Arg 20 141 39 PRT Hepatitis C virus 141 Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln 20 25 30 Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg 35 142 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 142 Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Gln Lys 20 143 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 143 Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Gln Ala 20 144 32 PRT Hepatitis C virus 144 Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala 20 25 30 145 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 145 Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Phe Ala 20 146 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 146 Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg 1 5 10 15 Pro Asp Tyr Asn 20 147 32 PRT Hepatitis C virus 147 Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn 20 25 30 148 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 148 Leu Ser Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg 1 5 10 15 Glu Phe Asp Glu 20 149 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 149 Val Asn Gln Arg Ala Val Val Ala Pro Asp Lys Glu Val Leu Tyr Glu 1 5 10 15 Ala Phe Asp Glu 20 150 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 150 Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Gln Lys 20 151 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 151 Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Leu Ile Glu Glu Gly Gln Arg Ile Ala Glu Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Ser Lys 20 152 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 152 Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Gln Ala 20 153 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 153 Ile Ala Glu Met Leu Lys Ser Lys Ile Gln Gly Leu Leu Gln Gln Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Lys Gln Ala 20 154 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 154 Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Tyr 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly 20 155 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 155 Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Tyr Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe His 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Arg Ile Ile Gly 20 156 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 156 Asn Asn Thr Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Gly Asp Ile Ile Gly 20 157 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 157 Tyr Asn Lys Arg Lys Arg Ile His Ile Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala Phe Tyr 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Lys Asn Ile Ile Gly 20 158 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 158 Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Thr Lys Gly Pro Gly Arg Val Ile Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Gly Gln Ile Ile Gly 20 159 22 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 159 Asn Asn Thr Arg Arg Gly Ile His Phe Gly Pro Gly Gln Ala Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Ile Val Gly 20 160 24 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 160 Asn Asn Thr Arg Lys Ser Ile Arg Ile Gln Arg Gly Pro Gly Arg Ala 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Thr Ile Gly Lys Ile Gly 20 161 22 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 161 Gln Asn Thr Arg Gln Arg Thr Pro Ile Gly Leu Gly Gln Ser Leu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Arg Ser Arg Ser 20 162 21 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 162 Gln Ile Asp Ile Gln Glu Met Arg Ile Gly Pro Met Ala Trp Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 Met Gly Ile Gly Gly 20 163 23 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 163 Asn Asn Thr Arg Arg Gly Ile His Met Gly Trp Gly Arg Thr Phe Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Ile Gly 20 164 22 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 164 Asn Lys Thr Val Val Pro Ile Thr Leu Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe His 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Lys 20 165 22 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus 165 Asn Lys Thr Val Leu Pro Val Thr Ile Met Ser Gly Leu Val Phe His 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Pro Ile Asn Asp 20 166 25 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 166 Xaa Gly Gly Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro Asn Val Ser Val Pro Ser Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Leu Leu Tyr Pro Ser Leu Ala 20 25 167 24 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 167 Xaa Gly Gly Tyr Thr Cys Ile Val Cys Ile Asp Arg Ala Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Trp His Val Leu Tyr Ser Pro 20 168 25 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 168 Xaa Gly Gly Asn Ser Leu Ile Leu Pro Pro Phe Ser Leu Ser Pro Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Thr Leu Gly Ser Arg Ser Arg Arg 20 25 169 39 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 169 Xaa Gly Gly Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Ile Trp Phe Leu Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Ser Gln Leu Pro Pro Thr Ala Pro Pro Leu Leu Pro His Ser 20 25 30 Asn Leu Asp His Ile Leu Glu 35 170 34 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 170 Xaa Gly Gly Gln Tyr Ala Ala Gln Asn Arg Arg Gly Leu Asp Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Phe Trp Glu Gln Gly Gly Leu Cys Lys Ala Leu Gln Glu Gln Cys Arg 20 25 30 Phe Pro 171 34 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 171 Xaa Gly Gly Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Ser Pro Thr His Asp Pro Pro Asp 1 5 10 15 Ser Asp Pro Gln Ile Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Ala Pro Gln 20 25 30 Val Leu 172 21 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 172 Xaa Gly Gly Lys Lys Pro Asn Arg Gln Gly Leu Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Tyr Asn Asp Pro 20 173 39 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site 173 Xaa Gly Gly Asp Ala Pro Gly Tyr Asp Pro Leu Trp Phe Ile Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Thr Gln Pro Pro Pro Thr Ser Pro Pro Leu Val His Asp Ser 20 25 30 Asp Leu Glu His Val Leu Thr 35 174 41 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 174 Xaa Gly Gly Tyr Ser Cys Met Val Cys Val Asp Arg Ser Ser Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Trp His Val Leu Tyr Thr Pro Asn Ile Ser Ile Pro Gln Gln Thr 20 25 30 Ser Ser Arg Thr Ile Leu Phe Pro Ser 35 40 175 33 PRT Human T-cell lymphotropic virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 175 Xaa Gly Gly Pro Thr Thr Thr Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Glu Ala His Val Pro Pro Pro Tyr Val Glu Pro Thr Thr Thr Gln Cys 20 25 30 Phe 176 14 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (1) modified site Bio 176 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys 1 5 10 177 13 PRT Human immunodeficiency virus VARIANT (13) modified site Lys (Bio) 177 Ile Trp Gly Cys Ser Gly Lys Leu Ile Cys Gly Gly Xaa 1 5 10 178 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 178 Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg 1 5 179 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 179 Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys 1 5 180 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 180 Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr 1 5 181 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 181 Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys 1 5 182 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 182 Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg 1 5 183 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 183 Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn 1 5 184 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 184 Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr 1 5 185 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 185 Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn 1 5 186 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 186 Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg 1 5 187 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 187 Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg 1 5 188 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 188 Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro 1 5 189 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 189 Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln 1 5 190 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 190 Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp 1 5 191 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 191 Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val 1 5 192 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 192 Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys 1 5 193 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 193 Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe 1 5 194 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 194 Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro 1 5 195 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 195 Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly 1 5 196 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 196 Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly 1 5 197 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 197 Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly 1 5 198 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 198 Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln 1 5 199 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 199 Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile 1 5 200 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 200 Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val 1 5 201 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 201 Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly 1 5 202 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 202 Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly 1 5 203 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 203 Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val 1 5 204 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 204 Gly Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr 1 5 205 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 205 Gly Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu 1 5 206 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 206 Gln Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu 1 5 207 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 207 Ile Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro 1 5 208 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 208 Val Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg 1 5 209 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 209 Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg 1 5 210 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 210 Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly 1 5 211 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 211 Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro 1 5 212 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 212 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg 1 5 213 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 213 Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu 1 5 214 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 214 Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly 1 5 215 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 215 Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val 1 5 216 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 216 Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg 1 5 217 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 217 Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala 1 5 218 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 218 Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr 1 5 219 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 219 Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg 1 5 220 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 220 Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys 1 5 221 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 221 Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr 1 5 222 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 222 Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser 1 5 223 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 223 Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu 1 5 224 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 224 Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg 1 5 225 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 225 Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser 1 5 226 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 226 Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln 1 5 227 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 227 Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro 1 5 228 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 228 Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg 1 5 229 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 229 Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly 1 5 230 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 230 Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg 1 5 231 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 231 Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg 1 5 232 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 232 Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln 1 5 233 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 233 Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro 1 5 234 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 234 Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile 1 5 235 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 235 Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro 1 5 236 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 236 Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys 1 5 237 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 237 Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val 1 5 238 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 238 Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg 1 5 239 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 239 Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg 1 5 240 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 240 Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro 1 5 241 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 241 Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu 1 5 242 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 242 Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly 1 5 243 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 243 Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg 1 5 244 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 244 Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr 1 5 245 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 245 Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp 1 5 246 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 246 Arg Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala 1 5 247 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 247 Arg Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln 1 5 248 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 248 Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro 1 5 249 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 249 Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly 1 5 250 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 250 Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr 1 5 251 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 251 Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro 1 5 252 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 252 Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp 1 5 253 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 253 Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro 1 5 254 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 254 Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu 1 5 255 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 255 Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr 1 5 256 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 256 Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr Gly 1 5 257 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 257 Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr Gly Asn 1 5 258 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 258 Leu Ser Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro 1 5 259 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 259 Ser Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp 1 5 260 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 260 Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg 1 5 261 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 261 Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu 1 5 262 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 262 Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val 1 5 263 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 263 Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu 1 5 264 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 264 Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr 1 5 265 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 265 Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg 1 5 266 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 266 Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu 1 5 267 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 267 Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe 1 5 268 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 268 Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp 1 5 269 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 269 Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu 1 5 270 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 270 Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met 1 5 271 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 271 Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu 1 5 272 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 272 Tyr Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu Glu 1 5 273 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 273 Arg Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys 1 5 274 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 274 Glu Phe Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser 1 5 275 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 275 Phe Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln 1 5 276 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 276 Asp Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His 1 5 277 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 277 Glu Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His Leu 1 5 278 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 278 Met Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro 1 5 279 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 279 Glu Glu Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr 1 5 280 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 280 Glu Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile 1 5 281 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 281 Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu 1 5 282 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 282 Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln 1 5 283 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 283 Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly 1 5 284 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 284 His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met 1 5 285 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 285 Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met 1 5 286 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 286 Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu 1 5 287 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 287 Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala 1 5 288 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 288 Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu 1 5 289 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 289 Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln 1 5 290 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 290 Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe 1 5 291 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 291 Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys 1 5 292 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 292 Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln 1 5 293 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 293 Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys 1 5 294 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 294 Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala 1 5 295 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 295 Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu 1 5 296 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 296 Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly 1 5 297 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 297 Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu 1 5 298 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 298 Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu 1 5 299 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 299 Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln 1 5 300 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 300 Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr 1 5 301 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 301 Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala 1 5 302 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 302 Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser 1 5 303 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 303 Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg 1 5 304 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 304 Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln 1 5 305 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 305 Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala 1 5 306 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 306 Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu 1 5 307 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 307 Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Val 1 5 308 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 308 Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Val Ile 1 5 309 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 309 Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Val Ile Ala 1 5 310 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 310 Ser Arg Gln Ala Glu Val Ile Ala Pro 1 5 311 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 311 Arg Gln Ala Glu Val Ile Ala Pro Ala 1 5 312 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 312 Gln Ala Glu Val Ile Ala Pro Ala Val 1 5 313 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 313 Ala Glu Val Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Gln 1 5 314 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 314 Glu Val Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Gln Thr 1 5 315 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 315 Val Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Gln Thr Asn 1 5 316 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 316 Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Gln Thr Asn Trp 1 5 317 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 317 Ala Pro Ala Val Gln Thr Asn Trp Gln 1 5 318 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 318 Gly Asn Ile Thr Arg Tyr Glu Ser Glu 1 5 319 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 319 Asn Ile Thr Arg Tyr Glu Ser Glu Asn 1 5 320 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 320 Ile Thr Arg Tyr Glu Ser Glu Asn Lys 1 5 321 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 321 Thr Arg Tyr Glu Ser Glu Asn Lys Val 1 5 322 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 322 Arg Tyr Glu Ser Glu Asn Lys Val Val 1 5 323 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 323 Tyr Glu Ser Glu Asn Lys Val Val Ile 1 5 324 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 324 Glu Ser Glu Asn Lys Val Val Ile Leu 1 5 325 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 325 Ser Glu Asn Lys Val Val Ile Leu Asp 1 5 326 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 326 Glu Asn Lys Val Val Ile Leu Asp Ser 1 5 327 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 327 Asn Lys Val Val Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe 1 5 328 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 328 Lys Val Val Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp 1 5 329 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 329 Val Val Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro 1 5 330 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 330 Val Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu 1 5 331 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 331 Ile Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val 1 5 332 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 332 Leu Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val Ala 1 5 333 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 333 Asp Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val Ala Glu 1 5 334 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 334 Ser Phe Asp Pro Leu Val Ala Glu Glu 1 5 335 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 335 Phe Asp Pro Leu Val Ala Glu Glu Asp 1 5 336 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 336 Asp Pro Leu Val Ala Glu Glu Asp Glu 1 5 337 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 337 Pro Leu Val Ala Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg 1 5 338 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 338 Leu Val Ala Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu 1 5 339 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 339 Val Ala Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile 1 5 340 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 340 Ala Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser 1 5 341 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 341 Glu Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val 1 5 342 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 342 Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro 1 5 343 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 343 Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala 1 5 344 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 344 Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu 1 5 345 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 345 Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile 1 5 346 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 346 Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu 1 5 347 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 347 Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg 1 5 348 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 348 Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys 1 5 349 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 349 Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser 1 5 350 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 350 Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg 1 5 351 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 351 Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg 1 5 352 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 352 Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe 1 5 353 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 353 Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala 1 5 354 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 354 Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln 1 5 355 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 355 Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala 1 5 356 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 356 Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu 1 5 357 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 357 Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro 1 5 358 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 358 Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val 1 5 359 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 359 Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp 1 5 360 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 360 Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala 1 5 361 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 361 Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg 1 5 362 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 362 Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro 1 5 363 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 363 Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp 1 5 364 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 364 Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr 1 5 365 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 365 Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn 1 5 366 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 366 Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro 1 5 367 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 367 Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro 1 5 368 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 368 Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu 1 5 369 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 369 Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val 1 5 370 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 370 Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu 1 5 371 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 371 Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr 1 5 372 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 372 Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp 1 5 373 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 373 Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys 1 5 374 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 374 Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys 1 5 375 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 375 Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro 1 5 376 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 376 Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp 1 5 377 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 377 Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr 1 5 378 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 378 Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu 1 5 379 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 379 Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro 1 5 380 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 380 Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro 1 5 381 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 381 Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val 1 5 382 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 382 Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val 1 5 383 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 383 Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val 1 5 384 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 384 Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly 1 5 385 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 385 Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys 1 5 386 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 386 Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro 1 5 387 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 387 Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu 1 5 388 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 388 Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro 1 5 389 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 389 Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro 1 5 390 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 390 Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro 1 5 391 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 391 His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys 1 5 392 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 392 Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser 1 5 393 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 393 Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro 1 5 394 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 394 Pro Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro 1 5 395 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 395 Leu Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Val 1 5 396 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 396 Pro Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Val Pro 1 5 397 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 397 Pro Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Val Pro Pro 1 5 398 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 398 Pro Lys Ser Pro Pro Val Pro Pro Pro 1 5 399 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 399 Lys Ser Pro Pro Val Pro Pro Pro Arg 1 5 400 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 400 Ser Pro Pro Val Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys 1 5 401 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus 401 Pro Pro Val Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys Lys 1 5 402 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 402 Xaa Met Ser Thr Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Ile Val 20 25 30 Gly Xaa 403 41 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 403 Xaa Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Thr Ser Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg 20 25 30 Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Xaa 35 40 404 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 404 Xaa Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln 20 25 30 Ala Xaa 405 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminuss 405 Xaa Glu Asp Glu Arg Glu Ile Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Arg Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Asn Xaa 406 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 406 Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser 20 407 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 407 Ser His Thr Thr Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr 20 408 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 408 Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser 20 409 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 409 Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr 20 410 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 410 Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg 20 411 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 411 Gly His Val Thr Cys Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr 20 412 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 412 Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln Ser 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser 20 413 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 413 Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr 20 414 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 414 Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala 20 415 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 415 Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro Ser 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr 20 416 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 416 Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr Gly 1 5 10 15 Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala 20 417 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 417 Gly His Thr Met Thr Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Asn Val His Leu Ile Asn Thr 20 418 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 418 Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr 20 419 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 419 Ala Arg Ala Met Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr 20 420 22 PRT Hepatitis C virus 420 Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser 20 421 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus 421 Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr 20 422 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 422 Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys 1 5 423 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 423 Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn 1 5 424 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 424 Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro 1 5 425 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 425 Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg 1 5 426 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 426 Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu 1 5 427 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 427 Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr 1 5 428 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 428 Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg 1 5 429 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 429 Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys 1 5 430 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 430 Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro 1 5 431 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus 431 Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu 1 5 432 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 432 Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu 1 5 433 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 433 His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu 1 5 434 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus 434 Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu 1 5 435 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 435 Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys 1 5 436 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 436 Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly 1 5 437 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 437 Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala 1 5 438 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 438 Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys 1 5 439 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 439 Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg 1 5 440 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 440 Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala 1 5 441 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 441 Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro 1 5 442 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus 442 Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys 1 5 443 6 PRT Hepatitis C virus 443 Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val 1 5 444 5 PRT Hepatitis C virus 444 His Gly Cys Pro Leu 1 5 445 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 445 Gly Ala Leu Val Ala Phe Lys Ile Met Ser Gly Glu Val Pro Ser Thr 1 5 10 15 Glu Asp Leu Val 20 446 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 446 Val Pro Ser Thr Glu Asp Leu Val Asn Leu Leu Pro Ala Ile Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Gly Ala Leu 20 447 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 447 Ala Ile Leu Ser Pro Gly Ala Leu Val Val Gly Val Val Cys Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ile Leu Arg Arg 20 448 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 448 Val Cys Ala Ala Ile Leu Arg Arg His Val Gly Pro Gly Glu Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Val Gln Trp Met 20 449 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 449 Gly Glu Gly Ala Val Gln Trp Met Asn Arg Leu Ile Ala Phe Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Gly Asn His 20 450 34 PRT Hepatitis C virus 450 Gly Gly Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Gly Gly Lys Lys Pro 1 5 10 15 Asp Thr Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Gly Gly Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys 20 25 30 Phe Pro 451 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus 451 Gly Gly Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Gly Gly Gln Phe Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Ser Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg 20 25 30 Gly 452 33 PRT Hepatitis C virus 452 Gly Gly Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Gly Gly Ser Gln His 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Ser Gly Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu 20 25 30 Pro 453 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 453 Ala Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Glx 35 454 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 454 Ala Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser Ala Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Glx 35 455 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 455 Ala Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Glx 35 456 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 456 Ala Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Val Asn Thr Glx 35 457 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 457 Ala Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Glx 35 458 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 458 Ala Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro Lys Gln Asn Val His Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Glx 35 459 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 459 Ala Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala Lys Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Glx 35 460 36 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 460 Ala Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala Lys Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu 20 25 30 Ile Asn Thr Glx 35 461 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 461 Ala Gly Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Glx 20 462 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 462 Ala Ser His Thr Thr Ser Thr Leu Ala Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Arg Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Glx 20 25 463 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 463 Ala Gly His Thr Arg Val Ser Gly Gly Ala Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Glx 20 464 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 464 Ala Ala Ser Asp Thr Arg Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Pro Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Glx 20 25 465 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 465 Ala Gly His Thr Arg Val Thr Gly Gly Val Gln Gly His Val Thr Cys 1 5 10 15 Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Glx 20 466 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 466 Ala Gly His Val Thr Cys Thr Leu Thr Ser Leu Phe Arg Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Glx 20 25 467 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 467 Ala Gly His Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Glx 20 468 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 468 Ala Ala Ser Ser Thr Gln Ser Leu Val Ser Trp Leu Ser Gln Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Asn Thr Glx 20 25 469 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 469 Ala Gly Asp Thr His Val Thr Gly Gly Ala Gln Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Glx 20 470 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 470 Ala Ala Lys Thr Thr Asn Arg Leu Val Ser Met Phe Ala Ser Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Ser Gln Lys Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Glx 20 25 471 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 471 Ala Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Ser Gly Gly Asn Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Glx 20 472 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 472 Ala Gly His Thr Met Thr Gly Ile Val Arg Phe Phe Ala Pro Gly Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asn Val His Leu Ile Asn Thr Glx 20 25 473 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminuss 473 Ala Ala Glu Thr Ile Val Ser Gly Gly Gln Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Glx 20 474 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 474 Ala Ala Arg Ala Met Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asn Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Glx 20 25 475 24 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 475 Ala Ala Glu Thr Tyr Thr Thr Gly Gly Ser Thr Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Glx 20 476 26 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 476 Ala Ala Arg Thr Thr Gln Gly Leu Val Ser Leu Phe Ser Arg Gly Ala 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Asp Ile Gln Leu Ile Asn Thr Glx 20 25 477 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 477 Ala Ile Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Glx 1 5 10 478 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 478 Ala Pro Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Glx 1 5 10 479 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 479 Ala Lys Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Glx 1 5 10 480 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 480 Ala Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Glx 1 5 10 481 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 481 Ala Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Glx 1 5 10 482 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 482 Ala Arg Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Glx 1 5 10 483 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 483 Ala Lys Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Glx 1 5 10 484 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 484 Ala Thr Lys Arg Asn Thr Asn Arg Arg Pro Glx 1 5 10 485 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 485 Ala Arg Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Glx 1 5 10 486 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 486 Ala Arg Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Glx 1 5 10 487 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 487 Ala Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Glx 1 5 10 488 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 488 Ala Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Glx 1 5 10 489 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 489 Ala Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Gly Gly Gly Gln Glx 1 5 10 490 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 490 Ala Gly Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Glx 1 5 10 491 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 491 Ala Gly Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Glx 1 5 10 492 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 492 Ala Val Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Glx 1 5 10 493 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 493 Ala Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Glx 1 5 10 494 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 494 Ala Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Glx 1 5 10 495 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 495 Ala Leu Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Glx 1 5 10 496 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 496 Ala Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Glx 1 5 10 497 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 497 Ala Gly Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Glx 1 5 10 498 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 498 Ala Pro Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Glx 1 5 10 499 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 499 Ala Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Arg Lys Glx 1 5 10 500 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 500 Ala Glu Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Glx 1 5 10 501 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 501 Ala Arg Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Glx 1 5 10 502 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 502 Ala Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Glx 1 5 10 503 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 503 Ala Arg Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Glx 1 5 10 504 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 504 Ala Gly Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Glx 1 5 10 505 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 505 Ala Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Glx 1 5 10 506 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 506 Ala Pro Ile Pro Lys Val Arg Arg Pro Glu Glx 1 5 10 507 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 507 Ala Pro Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Glx 1 5 10 508 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 508 Ala Glu Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Glx 1 5 10 509 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 509 Ala Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Glx 1 5 10 510 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 510 Ala Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Glx 1 5 10 511 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 511 Ala Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Glx 1 5 10 512 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 512 Ala Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Glx 1 5 10 513 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 513 Ala Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Glx 1 5 10 514 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 514 Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr Glx 1 5 10 515 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 515 Ala Leu Ser Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Glx 1 5 10 516 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 516 Ala Gly Lys Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glx 1 5 10 517 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 517 Ala Pro Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Glx 1 5 10 518 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 518 Ala Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Glx 1 5 10 519 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 519 Ala Ile Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Glx 1 5 10 520 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 520 Ala Ile Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glx 1 5 10 521 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 521 Ala Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Glx 1 5 10 522 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 522 Ala Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Tyr Arg Glu Phe Glx 1 5 10 523 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 523 Ala Cys Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Glx 1 5 10 524 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 524 Ala Ser Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Glx 1 5 10 525 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 525 Ala Gln His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Glx 1 5 10 526 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 526 Ala His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Glx 1 5 10 527 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 527 Ala Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Glx 1 5 10 528 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 528 Ala Pro Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Glx 1 5 10 529 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 529 Ala Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glx 1 5 10 530 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 530 Ala Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Ala Glu Glx 1 5 10 531 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 531 Ala Met Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Glx 1 5 10 532 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 532 Ala Met Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Glx 1 5 10 533 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 533 Ala Leu Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Glx 1 5 10 534 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 534 Ala Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Glx 1 5 10 535 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 535 Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Glx 1 5 10 536 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 536 Ala Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Glx 1 5 10 537 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 537 Ala Phe Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Glx 1 5 10 538 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 538 Ala Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Glx 1 5 10 539 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 539 Ala Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Glx 1 5 10 540 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 540 Ala Lys Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Glx 1 5 10 541 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 541 Ala Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Glx 1 5 10 542 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 542 Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Glx 1 5 10 543 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 543 Ala Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Glx 1 5 10 544 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 544 Ala Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Ser Arg Gln Ala Glx 1 5 10 545 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 545 Ala Ser Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Glx 1 5 10 546 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 546 Ala Val Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Glx 1 5 10 547 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 547 Ala Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Glx 1 5 10 548 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 548 Ala Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Glx 1 5 10 549 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 549 Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Arg Phe Glx 1 5 10 550 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 550 Ala Phe Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Glx 1 5 10 551 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 551 Ala Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Glx 1 5 10 552 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 552 Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Glx 1 5 10 553 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 553 Ala Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Glx 1 5 10 554 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 554 Ala Val Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Glx 1 5 10 555 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 555 Ala Trp Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Glx 1 5 10 556 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 556 Ala Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Glx 1 5 10 557 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 557 Ala Arg Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glx 1 5 10 558 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 558 Ala Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Glx 1 5 10 559 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 559 Ala Pro Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Glx 1 5 10 560 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 560 Ala Pro Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Glx 1 5 10 561 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 561 Ala Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Glx 1 5 10 562 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 562 Ala Trp Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glx 1 5 10 563 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 563 Ala Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Glx 1 5 10 564 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 564 Ala Thr Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Glx 1 5 10 565 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 565 Ala Trp Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Glx 1 5 10 566 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 566 Ala Lys Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Glx 1 5 10 567 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 567 Ala Lys Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val Glx 1 5 10 568 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 568 Ala Pro Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Glx 1 5 10 569 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 569 Ala Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Glx 1 5 10 570 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 570 Ala Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Glx 1 5 10 571 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 571 Ala Pro Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Glx 1 5 10 572 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 572 Ala Pro Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Glx 1 5 10 573 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 573 Ala Val Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Glx 1 5 10 574 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 574 Ala Val His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Lys Glx 1 5 10 575 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 575 Ala His Gly Cys Pro Leu Pro Pro Lys Ser Glx 1 5 10 576 11 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 576 Ala Ser Pro Pro Val Pro Pro Pro Arg Lys Glx 1 5 10 577 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 577 Ala Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Glx 1 5 578 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 578 Ala Pro Gln Arg Lys Thr Lys Glx 1 5 579 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 579 Ala Pro Gln Asp Val Lys Phe Pro Glx 1 5 580 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 580 Ala Tyr Leu Leu Pro Arg Arg Glx 1 5 581 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 581 Ala Pro Arg Arg Gly Pro Arg Leu Glx 1 5 582 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 582 Ala Arg Leu Gly Val Arg Ala Thr Glx 1 5 583 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 583 Ala Ser Gln Pro Arg Gly Arg Arg Glx 1 5 584 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 584 Ala Arg Arg Gln Pro Ile Pro Lys Glx 1 5 585 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 585 Ala Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Glx 1 5 586 10 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 586 Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Glx 1 5 10 587 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 587 Ala Pro Asp Arg Glu Val Leu Glx 1 5 588 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 588 Ala His Leu Pro Tyr Ile Glu Glx 1 5 589 10 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 589 Ala Tyr Ile Glu Gln Gly Met Met Leu Glx 1 5 10 590 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 590 Ala Ala Glu Gln Phe Lys Gln Lys Glx 1 5 591 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 591 Ala Lys Gln Lys Ala Leu Gly Glx 1 5 592 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 592 Ala Leu Gly Leu Leu Gln Thr Ala Glx 1 5 593 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 593 Ala Pro Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Glx 1 5 594 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 594 Ala Glu Ile Leu Arg Lys Ser Arg Glx 1 5 595 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 595 Ala Gln Ala Leu Pro Val Trp Ala Glx 1 5 596 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 596 Ala Pro Asp Tyr Asn Pro Pro Glx 1 5 597 9 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 597 Ala Leu Val Glu Thr Trp Lys Lys Glx 1 5 598 8 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 598 Ala Asp Tyr Glu Pro Pro Val Glx 1 5 599 7 PRT Hepatitis C virus VARIANT (1) Xaa = modified site when present, represents an amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus 599 Ala His Gly Cys Pro Leu Glx 1 5 600 20 PRT Hepatitis C virus 600 Gly Arg Thr Trp Ala Gln Pro Gly Tyr Pro Trp Pro Leu Tyr Gly Asn 1 5 10 15 Glu Gly Cys Gly 20 

What is claimed is:
 1. A peptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 17 and the following chemical structure: (A)(B)(X) Y Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ile-His-Met-Gly-Trp-Gly-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly Y (X) (Z); wherein: B represents biotin, X represents a biotinylation compound which is incorporated during the synthetic process, Y represents a covalent bond or a linker arm, A represents at least one amino acid, amino group, or chemically modified amino terminus of the peptide, Z represents at least one amino acid, OH-group, NH₂-group or a linkage involving these two groups, and the parentheses indicate that the presence of any given group in this position is optional.
 2. The peptide of claim 1 wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of a glycine residue, β alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, 5-amino valeric acid and 6-aminohexanoic acid.
 3. A peptide having an amino acid sequence consisting of: Asn-Asn-Thr-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ile-His-Met-Gly-Trp-Gly-Arg-Thr-Phe-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Gly-Glu-Ile-Ile-Gly (SEQID NO:17).
 4. The peptide according to claim 1, wherein said peptide is biotinylated N-terminally, C-terminally or internally.
 5. The peptide according to claim 4, which is coupled to streptavidin or avidin, with said streptavidin or avidin optionally coupled to a solid phase.
 6. The peptide according to claim 1, wherein said peptide being anchored to a solid support via covalent or non-covalent bonds.
 7. An immunoassay process for determining the presence of antibodies to HIV in a biological sample using a peptide according to claim 1, the process comprising: contacting the biological sample with a composition comprising the peptide according to claim 1, and detecting any immune complex formed between said antibodies and said peptide.
 8. An immunological assay kit for detecting antibodies to HIV comprising a peptide according to claim
 1. 9. A line immunoassay kit for detecting antibodies to HIV comprising a peptide according to claim
 6. 